{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157763265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca51647.2021.00037","title":"BlockHammer: Preventing RowHammer at Low Cost by Blacklisting Rapidly-Accessed DRAM Rows","display_name":"BlockHammer: Preventing RowHammer at Low Cost by Blacklisting Rapidly-Accessed DRAM Rows","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157763265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca51647.2021.00037","mag":"3157763265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca51647.2021.00037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca51647.2021.00037","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05981","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001715701","display_name":"A. Giray Ya\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Giray Yaglikci","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102940753","display_name":"Minesh Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-4792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minesh Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040743445","display_name":"Jeremie S. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-9008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremie S. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045729065","display_name":"Roknoddin Azizi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roknoddin Azizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056716458","display_name":"Ataberk Olgun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-5726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ataberk Olgun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002441341","display_name":"Lois Orosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-6395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lois Orosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032313427","display_name":"Hasan Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-007X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010929521","display_name":"Jisung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jisung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083376338","display_name":"Konstantinos Kanellopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Kanellopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045031453","display_name":"Taha Shahroodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-0030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taha Shahroodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036666743","display_name":"Saugata Ghose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-0613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saugata Ghose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050695684","display_name":"Onur Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Mutlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001715701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.0389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98687412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"345","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.9224981069564819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5311129689216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row","display_name":"Row","score":0.5057768821716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-memory","display_name":"Universal memory","score":0.4985504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.48993033170700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.41592156887054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41282370686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36682647466659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.30259230732917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29765036702156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20526060461997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.15431374311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.12515398859977722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.9224981069564819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5311129689216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135598885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366302","display_name":"Row","level":2,"score":0.5057768821716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195053848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894141","display_name":"Universal memory","level":5,"score":0.4985504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.48993033170700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41592156887054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41282370686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36682647466659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30259230732917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29765036702156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20526060461997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.15431374311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.12515398859977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63511323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908936","display_name":"Interleaved memory","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca51647.2021.00037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca51647.2021.00037","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.05981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05981","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.05981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05981","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":207,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496414880","https://openalex.org/W1504046403","https://openalex.org/W1522215582","https://openalex.org/W1536696925","https://openalex.org/W1559781097","https://openalex.org/W1578894366","https://openalex.org/W1597555784","https://openalex.org/W1873382978","https://openalex.org/W1964316448","https://openalex.org/W1964858680","https://openalex.org/W1970426108","https://openalex.org/W1973980980","https://openalex.org/W1983051972","https://openalex.org/W1983096721","https://openalex.org/W1983178358","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W1988388144","https://openalex.org/W1993488239","https://openalex.org/W2006355640","https://openalex.org/W2009310378","https://openalex.org/W2034861439","https://openalex.org/W2036895660","https://openalex.org/W2045578191","https://openalex.org/W2052207834","https://openalex.org/W2064039391","https://openalex.org/W2064344201","https://openalex.org/W2097502277","https://openalex.org/W2098040113","https://openalex.org/W2115172404","https://openalex.org/W2119092821","https://openalex.org/W2120017516","https://openalex.org/W2122510369","https://openalex.org/W2123845384","https://openalex.org/W2126540423","https://openalex.org/W2129381159","https://openalex.org/W2129548165","https://openalex.org/W2129573249","https://openalex.org/W2129821171","https://openalex.org/W2129991978","https://openalex.org/W2135675903","https://openalex.org/W2135965542","https://openalex.org/W2136684653","https://openalex.org/W2144017505","https://openalex.org/W2150380088","https://openalex.org/W2150478767","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2158319074","https://openalex.org/W2158620667","https://openalex.org/W2159908132","https://openalex.org/W2162838417","https://openalex.org/W2163563130","https://openalex.org/W2165284728","https://openalex.org/W2166263440","https://openalex.org/W2166360294","https://openalex.org/W2170257519","https://openalex.org/W2233523872","https://openalex.org/W2238307037","https://openalex.org/W2274525326","https://openalex.org/W2293640271","https://openalex.org/W2311847288","https://openalex.org/W2329308213","https://openalex.org/W2331766458","https://openalex.org/W2332254524","https://openalex.org/W2418958843","https://openalex.org/W2420049379","https://openalex.org/W2464177207","https://openalex.org/W2489077495","https://openalex.org/W2491829854","https://openalex.org/W2505343551","https://openalex.org/W2509084108","https://openalex.org/W2512093185","https://openalex.org/W2516668814","https://openalex.org/W2518205541","https://openalex.org/W2525431465","https://openalex.org/W2528800812","https://openalex.org/W2529008862","https://openalex.org/W2537014044","https://openalex.org/W2546811911","https://openalex.org/W2550432238","https://openalex.org/W2562428175","https://openalex.org/W2593313312","https://openalex.org/W2612835180","https://openalex.org/W2624299682","https://openalex.org/W2625267941","https://openalex.org/W2626519144","https://openalex.org/W2648282931","https://openalex.org/W2751092112","https://openalex.org/W2762750764","https://openalex.org/W2766489088","https://openalex.org/W2769824527","https://openalex.org/W2786858886","https://openalex.org/W2789554134","https://openalex.org/W2794842046","https://openalex.org/W2795222486","https://openalex.org/W2806638034","https://openalex.org/W2807401673","https://openalex.org/W2808118451","https://openalex.org/W2886541648","https://openalex.org/W2889929196","https://openalex.org/W2897830755","https://openalex.org/W2899469948","https://openalex.org/W2905808651","https://openalex.org/W2909501416","https://openalex.org/W2910048917","https://openalex.org/W2910622707","https://openalex.org/W2939057911","https://openalex.org/W2945145734","https://openalex.org/W2945839280","https://openalex.org/W2948811271","https://openalex.org/W2949951157","https://openalex.org/W2953044030","https://openalex.org/W2953300605","https://openalex.org/W2962654801","https://openalex.org/W2962726564","https://openalex.org/W2962844766","https://openalex.org/W2964118667","https://openalex.org/W2964923388","https://openalex.org/W2969618534","https://openalex.org/W2974891422","https://openalex.org/W2994326626","https://openalex.org/W2996972313","https://openalex.org/W2998043678","https://openalex.org/W2999623539","https://openalex.org/W2999916660","https://openalex.org/W3004383742","https://openalex.org/W3013522823","https://openalex.org/W3015685940","https://openalex.org/W3016266693","https://openalex.org/W3042624570","https://openalex.org/W3042829099","https://openalex.org/W3046609696","https://openalex.org/W3046859417","https://openalex.org/W3082761341","https://openalex.org/W3094572750","https://openalex.org/W3099549854","https://openalex.org/W3100461726","https://openalex.org/W3101416431","https://openalex.org/W3102933117","https://openalex.org/W3104065274","https://openalex.org/W3105648728","https://openalex.org/W3111721177","https://openalex.org/W3119608364","https://openalex.org/W3126393290","https://openalex.org/W3145545382","https://openalex.org/W3146736181","https://openalex.org/W3147974890","https://openalex.org/W3157763265","https://openalex.org/W4210790398","https://openalex.org/W4211113724","https://openalex.org/W4229703929","https://openalex.org/W4231353222","https://openalex.org/W4232168013","https://openalex.org/W4233287939","https://openalex.org/W4236382111","https://openalex.org/W4238371512","https://openalex.org/W4238420657","https://openalex.org/W4238816702","https://openalex.org/W4241727715","https://openalex.org/W4245276998","https://openalex.org/W4286397771","https://openalex.org/W4289753824","https://openalex.org/W4292169167","https://openalex.org/W4297740902","https://openalex.org/W6629699775","https://openalex.org/W6630265792","https://openalex.org/W6641191176","https://openalex.org/W6641455095","https://openalex.org/W6646034185","https://openalex.org/W6666666450","https://openalex.org/W6678002577","https://openalex.org/W6678558286","https://openalex.org/W6679248497","https://openalex.org/W6679308475","https://openalex.org/W6680375809","https://openalex.org/W6681291723","https://openalex.org/W6683227110","https://openalex.org/W6683557639","https://openalex.org/W6684146691","https://openalex.org/W6684550695","https://openalex.org/W6720892955","https://openalex.org/W6723169266","https://openalex.org/W6723175060","https://openalex.org/W6725368715","https://openalex.org/W6725706127","https://openalex.org/W6728927676","https://openalex.org/W6734500129","https://openalex.org/W6745334864","https://openalex.org/W6751554292","https://openalex.org/W6753951102","https://openalex.org/W6754900045","https://openalex.org/W6756176480","https://openalex.org/W6757762719","https://openalex.org/W6758187629","https://openalex.org/W6762685433","https://openalex.org/W6763559720","https://openalex.org/W6771386281","https://openalex.org/W6775611046","https://openalex.org/W6778700775","https://openalex.org/W6780767437","https://openalex.org/W6782873561","https://openalex.org/W6785859764","https://openalex.org/W6786790660","https://openalex.org/W6792323683","https://openalex.org/W6793257234","https://openalex.org/W6811677981","https://openalex.org/W6817964639","https://openalex.org/W6827069628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950041399","https://openalex.org/W2516517078","https://openalex.org/W2150909864","https://openalex.org/W3146763006","https://openalex.org/W4382618825","https://openalex.org/W2161286015","https://openalex.org/W4386903460","https://openalex.org/W2900372418","https://openalex.org/W2924367614","https://openalex.org/W4211178602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aggressive":[0],"memory":[1,191],"density":[2],"scaling":[3],"causes":[4],"modern":[5,32],"DRAM":[6,20,34,51,117,128,137,161,240,304],"devices":[7],"to":[8,46,62,67,78,92,114,135,148,160,206,222,232,257,286,303],"suffer":[9],"from":[10],"RowHammer,":[11],"a":[12,19,169,244,254,263,277,319,334],"phenomenon":[13],"where":[14],"rapidly":[15,230],"activating":[16],"(i.e.,":[17],"hammering)":[18],"row":[21,209,226,241],"can":[22,58],"cause":[23,197],"bit-flips":[24,61,154,181],"in":[25],"physically-nearby":[26],"rows.":[27],"Recent":[28],"studies":[29],"demonstrate":[30],"that":[31,56,144,177,193,224,238],"DDR4/LPDDR4":[33],"chips,":[35],"including":[36],"chips":[37],"previously":[38],"marketed":[39],"as":[40,86],"RowHammer-safe,":[41],"are":[42],"even":[43],"more":[44,90,115],"vulnerable":[45,91,116],"RowHammer":[47,60,96,153,174,180,198,234,255,264,292,320,335],"than":[48],"older":[49],"DDR3":[50],"chips.":[52,118],"Many":[53],"works":[54],"show":[55,143,283],"attackers":[57],"exploit":[59],"reliably":[63],"mount":[64],"system-level":[65],"attacks":[66],"escalate":[68],"privilege":[69],"and":[70,150,172,216,259,311,322,327],"leak":[71],"private":[72],"data.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"it":[75,145,251],"is":[76,146,205,227,316,332],"critical":[77],"ensure":[79,223],"RowHammersafe":[80],"operation":[81],"on":[82,267],"all":[83,179],"DRAM-based":[84],"systems":[85],"they":[87,104,120],"become":[88],"increasingly":[89,106],"RowHammer.":[93],"Unfortunately,":[94],"state-of-the-art":[95,291],"mitigation":[97,175,293],"mechanisms":[98,294],"face":[99],"two":[100,185],"major":[101],"challenges.":[102,187],"First,":[103],"incur":[105],"higher":[107],"performance":[108,269,310,326],"and/or":[109],"area":[110],"overheads":[111],"when":[112,313,329],"applied":[113],"Second,":[119],"require":[121,298],"either":[122],"closely-guarded":[123],"proprietary":[124],"information":[125],"about":[126],"the":[127,136,184,219,268,287,314,330],"chips'":[129],"physical":[130],"circuit":[131],"layouts":[132],"or":[133,158,301],"modifications":[134],"chip":[138],"design.In":[139],"this":[140,164],"paper,":[141],"we":[142,166],"possible":[147],"efficiently":[149],"scalably":[151],"prevent":[152],"without":[155],"knowledge":[156,299],"of":[157,203,270,280,289,296,300],"modification":[159,302],"internals.":[162],"To":[163],"end,":[165],"introduce":[167],"BlockHammer,":[168],"low-cost,":[170],"effective,":[171],"easy-to-adopt":[173],"mechanism":[176],"prevents":[178],"while":[182],"overcoming":[183],"key":[186,201],"BlockHammer":[188,204,248,306],"selectively":[189],"throttles":[190],"accesses":[192],"could":[194],"otherwise":[195],"potentially":[196],"bit-flips.":[199,235],"The":[200],"idea":[202],"(1)":[207,249,308],"track":[208],"activation":[210,246],"rates":[211],"using":[212],"area-efficient":[213],"Bloom":[214],"filters,":[215],"(2)":[217,260,323],"use":[218],"tracking":[220],"data":[221],"no":[225,239],"ever":[228,242],"activated":[229],"enough":[231],"induce":[233],"By":[236],"guaranteeing":[237],"experiences":[243],"RowHammer-unsafe":[245],"rate,":[247],"makes":[250],"impossible":[252],"for":[253],"bit-flip":[256],"occur":[258],"greatly":[261],"reduces":[262],"attack's":[265],"impact":[266],"co-running":[271],"benign":[272],"applications.":[273],"Our":[274],"evaluations":[275],"across":[276],"comprehensive":[278],"range":[279],"280":[281],"workloads":[282],"that,":[284],"compared":[285],"best":[288],"six":[290],"(all":[295],"which":[297],"internals),":[305],"provides":[307],"competitive":[309],"energy":[312,328],"system":[315,331],"not":[317],"under":[318,333],"attack":[321],"significantly":[324],"better":[325],"attack.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00"}