{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794531038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2018.00039","title":"Perception-Oriented 3D Rendering Approximation for Modern Graphics Processors","display_name":"Perception-Oriented 3D Rendering Approximation for Modern Graphics Processors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794531038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2018.00039","mag":"2794531038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2018.00039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2018.00039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024508481","display_name":"Chenhao Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1399-0352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhao Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016298390","display_name":"Xin Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043209884","display_name":"Shuaiwen Leon Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-1436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaiwen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Performance Computing Group, Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Performance Computing Group, Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"362","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.849029541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-memory","display_name":"Texture memory","score":0.8193397521972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8023587465286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5353427529335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-rendering","display_name":"Real-time rendering","score":0.5290241241455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.500800609588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-rendering","display_name":"Software rendering","score":0.4721667468547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.46489042043685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.46007969975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4491443932056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4462786018848419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4417981207370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4412732422351837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.43367600440979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.2813825011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.24615374207496643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.849029541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18766215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708532","display_name":"Texture memory","level":5,"score":0.8193397521972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8023587465286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5353427529335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.5290241241455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.500800609588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109772839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297645","display_name":"Software rendering","level":4,"score":0.4721667468547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.46489042043685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.46007969975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4491443932056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4462786018848419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4417981207370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4412732422351837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.43367600440979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.2813825011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.24615374207496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2018.00039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2018.00039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971379021","https://openalex.org/W1972563731","https://openalex.org/W1974881771","https://openalex.org/W2005506050","https://openalex.org/W2007125764","https://openalex.org/W2016138417","https://openalex.org/W2020664125","https://openalex.org/W2026402154","https://openalex.org/W2035713052","https://openalex.org/W2043083835","https://openalex.org/W2044046813","https://openalex.org/W2067518273","https://openalex.org/W2071780433","https://openalex.org/W2072273451","https://openalex.org/W2078206529","https://openalex.org/W2083812485","https://openalex.org/W2089848273","https://openalex.org/W2093559072","https://openalex.org/W2097149273","https://openalex.org/W2097416415","https://openalex.org/W2097652499","https://openalex.org/W2099583675","https://openalex.org/W2103882108","https://openalex.org/W2109761230","https://openalex.org/W2118052934","https://openalex.org/W2125310891","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2134860672","https://openalex.org/W2137043324","https://openalex.org/W2155503253","https://openalex.org/W2161402454","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2197312531","https://openalex.org/W2296071656","https://openalex.org/W2311463391","https://openalex.org/W2324020321","https://openalex.org/W2464177207","https://openalex.org/W2468651315","https://openalex.org/W2475620874","https://openalex.org/W2612735730","https://openalex.org/W3137184863","https://openalex.org/W3146468402","https://openalex.org/W3151080728","https://openalex.org/W4240718084","https://openalex.org/W4244884309","https://openalex.org/W4246056010","https://openalex.org/W6643026285","https://openalex.org/W6673229790","https://openalex.org/W6674469337","https://openalex.org/W6674832295","https://openalex.org/W6680298191","https://openalex.org/W6683765325","https://openalex.org/W6719768283","https://openalex.org/W6822850968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2407724398","https://openalex.org/W2121918838","https://openalex.org/W2939981030","https://openalex.org/W805674458","https://openalex.org/W2166956700","https://openalex.org/W2153615563","https://openalex.org/W2112265557","https://openalex.org/W2885544433","https://openalex.org/W2159116333","https://openalex.org/W2047902375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anisotropic":[0],"filtering":[1,44,61,79,179],"enabled":[2],"by":[3,50,111,181],"modern":[4,135],"rasterization-based":[5],"GPUs":[6],"provides":[7],"users":[8],"with":[9,160],"extremely":[10],"authentic":[11],"visualization":[12],"experience,":[13],"but":[14],"significantly":[15],"limits":[16],"the":[17,77,88,113,155,177],"performance":[18,92],"and":[19,46,117],"energy":[20,164],"efficiency":[21],"of":[22,152,184],"3D":[23,35,90,109,136,157],"rendering":[24,36,91,110,158],"process":[25,45,80],"due":[26],"to":[27,75,86],"its":[28],"large":[29],"texture":[30,125,178],"data":[31],"requirement.":[32],"To":[33,97],"improve":[34,87],"efficiency,":[37],"we":[38,101],"build":[39],"a":[40,103,123,141,148,189],"bridge":[41],"between":[42,115],"anisotropic":[43,60,78,116],"human":[47],"visual":[48],"system":[49],"analyzing":[51],"users\u2019":[52,172],"perception":[53],"on":[54,69,134,197],"image":[55,67,168],"quality.":[56],"We":[57,120],"discover":[58],"that":[59],"does":[62],"not":[63],"impact":[64],"user":[65,95],"perceived":[66],"quality":[68,169],"every":[70],"pixel.":[71],"This":[72],"motives":[73],"us":[74],"approximate":[76],"for":[81,108,128,154,194],"non-perceivable":[82],"pixels":[83],"in":[84],"order":[85],"overall":[89,156],"without":[93,166],"damaging":[94],"experience.":[96],"achieve":[98],"this":[99,130],"goal,":[100],"propose":[102],"perceptionoriented":[104],"runtime":[105],"approximation":[106],"model":[107],"leveraging":[112],"inner-relationship":[114],"isotropic":[118],"filtering.":[119],"also":[121,175],"provide":[122],"low-cost":[124],"unit":[126],"design":[127,146],"enabling":[129],"approximation.":[131],"Extensive":[132],"evaluation":[133],"games":[137],"demonstrates":[138],"that,":[139],"under":[140],"conservative":[142],"tuning":[143,192],"point,":[144],"our":[145],"achieves":[147],"significant":[149],"average":[150,183],"speedup":[151],"17%":[153],"along":[159],"11%":[161],"total":[162],"GPU":[163],"reduction,":[165],"visible":[167],"loss":[170],"from":[171],"perception.":[173],"It":[174],"reduces":[176],"latency":[180],"an":[182],"29%.":[185],"Additionally,":[186],"it":[187],"creates":[188],"unique":[190],"perception-based":[191],"space":[193],"performance-quality":[195],"tradeoffs":[196],"graphics":[198],"processors.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
