{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083383375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2015.7056042","title":"Reducing read latency of phase change memory via early read and Turbo Read","display_name":"Reducing read latency of phase change memory via early read and Turbo Read","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083383375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2015.7056042","mag":"2083383375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2015.7056042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2015.7056042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053993126","display_name":"Prashant J. Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-4314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prashant J. Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088463916","display_name":"Chiachen Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiachen Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048595299","display_name":"Bipin Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-6909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipin Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082772077","display_name":"Moinuddin K. Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moinuddin K. Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053993126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97927368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"309","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.721840500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5504624843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo","display_name":"Turbo","score":0.5230104327201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.4662662148475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.43791598081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.21177080273628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change","display_name":"Phase change","score":0.18750184774398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17868703603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07361438870429993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.721840500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5504624843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513","display_name":"Turbo","level":2,"score":0.5230104327201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.4662662148475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.43791598081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.21177080273628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.18750184774398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17868703603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07361438870429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2015.7056042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2015.7056042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W430623074","https://openalex.org/W570965626","https://openalex.org/W1597555784","https://openalex.org/W1968281214","https://openalex.org/W1983826793","https://openalex.org/W1996160696","https://openalex.org/W1996288726","https://openalex.org/W2005396238","https://openalex.org/W2010795939","https://openalex.org/W2016979414","https://openalex.org/W2031011305","https://openalex.org/W2041588416","https://openalex.org/W2046515116","https://openalex.org/W2047644389","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2055818721","https://openalex.org/W2060397112","https://openalex.org/W2063799733","https://openalex.org/W2069367007","https://openalex.org/W2098463429","https://openalex.org/W2102449048","https://openalex.org/W2112753327","https://openalex.org/W2112768159","https://openalex.org/W2115500527","https://openalex.org/W2117769260","https://openalex.org/W2119092821","https://openalex.org/W2121795083","https://openalex.org/W2123728009","https://openalex.org/W2124165274","https://openalex.org/W2124608923","https://openalex.org/W2130657217","https://openalex.org/W2133066652","https://openalex.org/W2138260589","https://openalex.org/W2138436606","https://openalex.org/W2155462575","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2157627371","https://openalex.org/W2158620667","https://openalex.org/W2205576369","https://openalex.org/W2461986006","https://openalex.org/W3145572630","https://openalex.org/W3146736181","https://openalex.org/W4237221223","https://openalex.org/W4245276998","https://openalex.org/W4249763226","https://openalex.org/W4250969878","https://openalex.org/W6683227110","https://openalex.org/W6687912964","https://openalex.org/W6792931021","https://openalex.org/W6793257234","https://openalex.org/W6827069628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348618585","https://openalex.org/W2016928796","https://openalex.org/W2103702931","https://openalex.org/W591699778","https://openalex.org/W2170513475","https://openalex.org/W1580603593","https://openalex.org/W2385258071","https://openalex.org/W2257093042","https://openalex.org/W1923253585","https://openalex.org/W1964471164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"Change":[1],"Memory":[2],"(PCM)":[3],"is":[4,46,69],"an":[5],"emerging":[6],"memory":[7,15,284],"technology":[8],"that":[9,44,63,127,153,171,246],"can":[10,81,93,174,255],"enable":[11,103],"scalable":[12],"high-density":[13],"main":[14],"systems.":[16,109],"Unfortunately,":[17],"PCM":[18,68,79,108,217,258],"has":[19],"higher":[20,208],"read":[21,38,65,96,105,136,163,177,204,224,259],"latency":[22,39,66,106,178,260],"than":[23,119],"DRAM,":[24],"resulting":[25],"in":[26,50,53,88],"lower":[27],"system":[28,265],"performance.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"investigates":[32],"architectural":[33],"techniques":[34],"to":[35,72,84,102,141,282],"improve":[36,263],"the":[37,55,59,64,74,86,116,120,150,162,176,200,211,216,223,257,264,271,283],"of":[40,67,186,213,249],"PCM.":[41],"We":[42,98,226,244],"observe":[43],"there":[45],"a":[47,183,247],"wide":[48],"distribution":[49],"cell":[51,89,218],"resistance":[52],"both":[54],"SET":[56],"state":[57],"and":[58,62,232,252,269],"RESET":[60],"state,":[61],"designed":[70],"conservatively":[71],"handle":[73],"worst":[75],"case":[76,152],"cell.":[77],"If":[78],"sensing":[80,201],"be":[82],"tuned":[83],"exploit":[85],"variability":[87],"resistance,":[90],"then":[91],"we":[92,159],"get":[94],"reduced":[95],"latency.":[97,167],"propose":[99],"two":[100],"schemes":[101],"better-than-worst-case":[104],"for":[107,203,237],"Our":[110,124,168,194],"first":[111],"proposal,":[112,196],"Early":[113,128,154,172,250],"Read,":[114,198],"reads":[115],"data":[117,144,157,239],"earlier":[118],"specified":[121],"time":[122,202],"period.":[123],"key":[125],"observation":[126],"Read":[129,155,173,251,254],"causes":[130,156],"only":[131,187],"unidirectional":[132],"errors":[133,145],"(SET":[134],"being":[135],"as":[137],"RESET)":[138],"allows":[139],"us":[140],"efficiently":[142],"detect":[143],"using":[146],"Berger":[147],"codes.":[148],"In":[149],"uncommon":[151],"error(s),":[158],"simply":[160],"retry":[161],"operation":[164],"with":[165,219],"original":[166],"evaluations":[169],"show":[170,245],"reduce":[175,256,270],"by":[179,206,261,267,276],"25%":[180],"while":[181,278],"incurring":[182],"storage":[184],"overhead":[185],"10":[188],"bits":[189],"per":[190],"64":[191],"byte":[192],"line.":[193],"second":[195],"Turbo":[197,242,253],"reduces":[199],"operations":[205],"pumping":[207],"current,":[209],"at":[210],"expense":[212],"accidentally":[214],"switching":[215],"small":[220],"probability":[221],"during":[222],"operation.":[225],"analyze":[227],"Error":[228],"Correction":[229],"Codes":[230],"(ECC)":[231],"Probabilistic":[233],"Row":[234],"Scrubbing":[235],"(PRS)":[236],"maintaining":[238],"integrity":[240],"under":[241],"Read.":[243],"combination":[248],"30%,":[262],"performance":[266],"21%,":[268],"Energy":[272],"Delay":[273],"Product":[274],"(EDP)":[275],"28%,":[277],"requiring":[279],"minimal":[280],"changes":[281],"system.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}