{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030281207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2012.6169032","title":"Power balanced pipelines","display_name":"Power balanced pipelines","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030281207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2012.6169032","mag":"2030281207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2012.6169032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2012.6169032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Comp Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046254855","display_name":"John Sartori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-9862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Sartori","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014996459","display_name":"Ben Ahrens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Ahrens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067547869","display_name":"Rakesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-2629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91018998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.8171231746673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.7678471803665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.757545530796051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6992347240447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5803158283233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.575113832950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.5346343517303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5211296677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5014090538024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.47511371970176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4298037588596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40454214811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.391950398683548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17058029770851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11132162809371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10748979449272156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.8171231746673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.7678471803665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.757545530796051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6992347240447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5803158283233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.575113832950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.5346343517303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5211296677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5014090538024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47511371970176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4298037588596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40454214811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.391950398683548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17058029770851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11132162809371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10748979449272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2012.6169032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2012.6169032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Comp Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.380.2853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.380.2853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://passat.crhc.illinois.edu/rakeshk/hpca12_cam.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608320588","https://openalex.org/W1973248777","https://openalex.org/W1982687572","https://openalex.org/W2010802738","https://openalex.org/W2053794660","https://openalex.org/W2101301454","https://openalex.org/W2102727118","https://openalex.org/W2103670614","https://openalex.org/W2108730429","https://openalex.org/W2118811116","https://openalex.org/W2121914493","https://openalex.org/W2127036509","https://openalex.org/W2131308327","https://openalex.org/W2141923369","https://openalex.org/W2142330518","https://openalex.org/W2164066430","https://openalex.org/W2169336791","https://openalex.org/W2206758189","https://openalex.org/W2209330378","https://openalex.org/W3140903683","https://openalex.org/W4205236169","https://openalex.org/W4206694063","https://openalex.org/W4236212678","https://openalex.org/W4239012550","https://openalex.org/W4243361179","https://openalex.org/W4246334093","https://openalex.org/W4254774981","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380433113","https://openalex.org/W4386072068","https://openalex.org/W252339960","https://openalex.org/W2390529043","https://openalex.org/W2378320433","https://openalex.org/W2358343511","https://openalex.org/W2051877971","https://openalex.org/W1970117064","https://openalex.org/W1787170397","https://openalex.org/W4292347844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,7,10,49,65,92,114,118,122,130,234,241,251],"onset":[2],"of":[3,9,52,57,76,94,129,236],"pipelined":[4],"processors,":[5,42,64],"balancing":[6,85,176,180],"delay":[8,23,185],"microarchitectural":[11,17,45,78,110],"pipeline":[12,18,46,144,181],"stages":[13,119,145],"such":[14,243],"that":[15,179,249],"each":[16,44],"stage":[19,47],"has":[20,24],"an":[21],"equal":[22],"been":[25],"a":[26,70,200,205,212],"primary":[27],"design":[28],"objective,":[29],"as":[30,43,69],"it":[31],"maximizes":[32],"instruction":[33],"throughput.":[34],"Unfortunately,":[35],"this":[36,81,239],"causes":[37],"significant":[38,71],"energy":[39],"inefficiency":[40,66],"in":[41,73,102,188,196],"gets":[48],"same":[50,123,252],"amount":[51],"time":[53,134,141,218],"to":[54,108,112,137,146,156,222],"complete,":[55],"irrespective":[56],"its":[58],"size":[59],"or":[60,161],"complexity.":[61],"For":[62],"power-optimized":[63,206],"manifests":[67],"itself":[68],"imbalance":[72],"power":[74,95,115,175,182,191,247],"consumption":[75],"different":[77,104,109],"pipestages.":[79],"In":[80],"paper,":[82],"rather":[83,183],"than":[84,184],"processor":[86,100,124,190,197,203],"pipelines":[87,97,101],"for":[88,174,199],"delay,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"concept":[93,131],"balanced":[96],"-":[98],"i.e.,":[99],"which":[103],"delays":[105],"are":[106,209],"assigned":[107],"pipestages":[111],"reduce":[113],"disparity":[116],"between":[117],"while":[120],"guaranteeing":[121],"frequency/performance.":[125],"A":[126],"specific":[127],"implementation":[128],"uses":[132],"cycle":[133,140,217],"stealing":[135,219],"[19]":[136],"deliberately":[138],"redistribute":[139],"from":[142],"low-power":[143],"power-hungry":[147],"stages,":[148],"relaxing":[149],"their":[150],"timing":[151],"constraints":[152],"and":[153,171,177],"allowing":[154],"them":[155],"operate":[157],"at":[158,229],"reduced":[159],"voltages":[160],"use":[162],"smaller,":[163],"less":[164],"leaky":[165],"cells.":[166],"We":[167],"present":[168],"several":[169],"static":[170,216],"dynamic":[172],"techniques":[173],"demonstrate":[178],"can":[186],"result":[187],"46%":[189],"reduction":[192,248],"with":[193],"no":[194],"loss":[195],"throughput":[198],"full":[201],"FabScalar":[202],"over":[204,211],"baseline.":[207],"Benefits":[208],"comparable":[210],"Fabscalar":[213],"baseline":[214],"where":[215],"is":[220,240],"used":[221],"optimize":[223],"achieved":[224],"frequency.":[225],"Power":[226],"savings":[227],"increase":[228],"lower":[230],"operating":[231],"frequencies.":[232],"To":[233],"best":[235],"our":[237],"knowledge,":[238],"first":[242],"work":[244],"on":[245],"microarchitecture-level":[246],"guarantees":[250],"performance.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
