{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065169036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2010.5416656","title":"LeadOut: Composing low-overhead frequency-enhancing techniques for single-thread performance in configurable multicores","display_name":"LeadOut: Composing low-overhead frequency-enhancing techniques for single-thread performance in configurable multicores","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065169036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2010.5416656","mag":"2065169036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2010.5416656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2010.5416656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HPCA - 16 2010 The Sixteenth International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032662897","display_name":"Brian Greskamp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Greskamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018104631","display_name":"Ulya R. Karpuzcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulya R Karpuzcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055909708","display_name":"Josep Torrellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-5228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Torrellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67118959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.8188969492912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.8013657927513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7544866800308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.5775002241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-core","display_name":"Single-core","score":0.560605525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.476098895072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4606277048587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4454541504383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2134445607662201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.8188969492912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.8013657927513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7544866800308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.5775002241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047934","display_name":"Single-core","level":2,"score":0.560605525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.476098895072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4606277048587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4454541504383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2134445607662201}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2010.5416656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2010.5416656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HPCA - 16 2010 The Sixteenth International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1958945689","https://openalex.org/W2029479717","https://openalex.org/W2059385825","https://openalex.org/W2082011829","https://openalex.org/W2086202544","https://openalex.org/W2097207701","https://openalex.org/W2100995829","https://openalex.org/W2102727118","https://openalex.org/W2116172862","https://openalex.org/W2116175063","https://openalex.org/W2116295078","https://openalex.org/W2129267471","https://openalex.org/W2129542184","https://openalex.org/W2129763083","https://openalex.org/W2133528302","https://openalex.org/W2134067926","https://openalex.org/W2135948795","https://openalex.org/W2136798749","https://openalex.org/W2143068308","https://openalex.org/W2150283124","https://openalex.org/W2151845324","https://openalex.org/W2154857344","https://openalex.org/W2157109334","https://openalex.org/W2167556016","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2296006986","https://openalex.org/W3137536588","https://openalex.org/W3140903683","https://openalex.org/W3147349573","https://openalex.org/W4236432903","https://openalex.org/W4238679552","https://openalex.org/W4241323966","https://openalex.org/W4248445118","https://openalex.org/W4255602098","https://openalex.org/W6671220618","https://openalex.org/W6672045869","https://openalex.org/W6677377052","https://openalex.org/W6679301951","https://openalex.org/W6792941224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380605435","https://openalex.org/W2142016460","https://openalex.org/W2151223307","https://openalex.org/W3041000698","https://openalex.org/W2406856881","https://openalex.org/W2085485158","https://openalex.org/W2276000909","https://openalex.org/W1964594690","https://openalex.org/W2049334739","https://openalex.org/W2543559046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,26,30,34,98,101,122,148,162],"ubiquity":[2],"of":[3,78,83,85,137,161],"multicores,":[4],"it":[5],"is":[6,22,89,93],"as":[7,9],"important":[8],"ever":[10],"to":[11,19,96,103,110,132],"deliver":[12],"high":[13],"single-thread":[14,138],"performance.":[15,139],"An":[16],"appealing":[17],"way":[18,102],"accomplish":[20],"this":[21],"by":[23],"shutting":[24],"down":[25],"idle":[27],"cores":[28,56,163],"in":[29,57,71,112],"chip":[31],"and":[32,60,127],"running":[33],"busy,":[35,166],"performance-critical":[36,169],"core(s)":[37],"at":[38],"higher-than-nominal":[39],"frequencies.":[40],"To":[41],"enable":[42],"such":[43],"frequencies,":[44],"two":[45,87,123,149],"low-overhead":[46],"approaches":[47],"either":[48,84],"boost":[49],"voltage":[50,114],"beyond":[51,64],"nominal":[52],"values,":[53],"or":[54,106,115],"pair":[55],"leader-checker":[58],"configurations":[59],"let":[61],"them":[62],"run":[63],"safe":[65],"frequency":[66],"margins.":[67],"We":[68],"observe":[69],"that,":[70,154],"a":[72,143,156],"large":[73],"multicore":[74,99],"with":[75],"varying":[76],"numbers":[77],"busy":[79],"cores,":[80],"individual":[81],"application":[82],"these":[86],"techniques":[88,124],"suboptimal.":[90],"Each":[91],"alone":[92],"often":[94],"unable":[95],"bring":[97],"all":[100],"its":[104],"power":[105],"temperature":[107],"envelopes":[108],"due":[109],"limitations":[111],"supply":[113],"error":[116],"rate.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"we":[119,141],"show":[120],"that":[121,146],"are":[125,164],"complementary,":[126],"can":[128],"be":[129],"synergistically":[130],"combined":[131],"unlock":[133],"much":[134],"higher":[135,174],"levels":[136],"Finally,":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"dynamic":[144],"controller":[145],"optimizes":[147],"techniques.":[150],"Our":[151],"data":[152],"shows":[153],"given":[155],"16-core":[157],"multi-core":[158],"where":[159],"half":[160],"already":[165],"an":[167],"additional,":[168],"thread":[170],"now":[171],"attains":[172],"34%":[173],"performance":[175],"than":[176],"before,":[177],"while":[178],"consuming":[179],"220%":[180],"more":[181],"power.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
