{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135021459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2009.4798265","title":"Variation-aware dynamic voltage/frequency scaling","display_name":"Variation-aware dynamic voltage/frequency scaling","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135021459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2009.4798265","mag":"2135021459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2009.4798265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2009.4798265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030841759","display_name":"Sebastian Herbert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Herbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065985595","display_name":"Diana Marculescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-4221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Marculescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99123975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"301","last_page":"312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.9164291620254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6538578867912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6337217688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6327904462814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47520145773887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.46421340107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.45645663142204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4451603889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.43575403094291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38805943727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3567950129508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.22462016344070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12378808856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11063143610954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10554605722427368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.9164291620254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6538578867912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6337217688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6327904462814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47520145773887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.46421340107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.45645663142204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4451603889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.43575403094291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38805943727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3567950129508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.22462016344070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12378808856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11063143610954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10554605722427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca.2009.4798265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca.2009.4798265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.160.3591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.160.3591","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~dianam/conferences/hpca09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485955567","https://openalex.org/W1969008267","https://openalex.org/W1981411441","https://openalex.org/W2015659026","https://openalex.org/W2033443176","https://openalex.org/W2045435077","https://openalex.org/W2054989520","https://openalex.org/W2079186079","https://openalex.org/W2081379617","https://openalex.org/W2086202544","https://openalex.org/W2096864363","https://openalex.org/W2098736822","https://openalex.org/W2101301454","https://openalex.org/W2101360724","https://openalex.org/W2101554015","https://openalex.org/W2102727118","https://openalex.org/W2108880814","https://openalex.org/W2114421447","https://openalex.org/W2116295078","https://openalex.org/W2117299787","https://openalex.org/W2124465240","https://openalex.org/W2131507936","https://openalex.org/W2132484797","https://openalex.org/W2139928929","https://openalex.org/W2141242940","https://openalex.org/W2141721356","https://openalex.org/W2146743175","https://openalex.org/W2150283124","https://openalex.org/W2154054117","https://openalex.org/W2154857344","https://openalex.org/W2164120740","https://openalex.org/W2170509664","https://openalex.org/W3140903683","https://openalex.org/W3148484433","https://openalex.org/W3150134984","https://openalex.org/W4238184691","https://openalex.org/W4240567521","https://openalex.org/W4244428894","https://openalex.org/W4245298162","https://openalex.org/W4253995697","https://openalex.org/W6792941224","https://openalex.org/W6793277613","https://openalex.org/W6826158209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154351074","https://openalex.org/W2151223307","https://openalex.org/W2023400509","https://openalex.org/W2332054630","https://openalex.org/W2590100594","https://openalex.org/W1967088250","https://openalex.org/W2144034023","https://openalex.org/W2154169726","https://openalex.org/W4245552802","https://openalex.org/W2898122376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine-grained":[0],"dynamic":[1],"voltage/frequency":[2,79],"scaling":[3],"(DVFS)":[4],"is":[5,93,99],"an":[6,106],"important":[7],"tool":[8],"in":[9,17,30],"managing":[10],"the":[11,43,48,62,82,116,148,155,171],"balance":[12],"between":[13],"power":[14,31,84],"and":[15,32,61,124,147,168,174],"performance":[16],"chip-multiprocessors.":[18],"Although":[19],"manufacturing":[20],"process":[21],"variations":[22,29],"are":[23,37,59,68,133,144],"giving":[24],"rise":[25],"to":[26,127],"significant":[27,152],"core-to-core":[28],"performance,":[33],"traditional":[34],"DVFS":[35,56,134,139],"controllers":[36,118],"unaware":[38],"of":[39,47,110,115,122],"these":[40],"variations.":[41],"Exploiting":[42],"different":[44],"power/performance":[45],"profiles":[46],"cores":[49,160],"can":[50],"significantly":[51],"improve":[52],"energy-efficiency.":[53],"Two":[54],"hardware":[55],"control":[57],"algorithms":[58],"considered":[60],"gains":[63],"enabled":[64],"by":[65,95,166],"incorporating":[66],"variability-awareness":[67,98,163],"demonstrated":[69],"on":[70],"multithreaded":[71],"commercial":[72],"workloads.":[73],"For":[74],"a":[75,89,129,141],"design":[76],"with":[77],"per-core":[78],"islands":[80],"(VFIs),":[81],"mean":[83],"per":[85,161],"unit":[86],"throughput":[87],"for":[88,170],"simple":[90],"threshold-based":[91],"controller":[92,104],"reduced":[94],"8.0%":[96],"when":[97],"added.":[100],"A":[101],"complex":[102],"greedy-search":[103,175],"sees":[105],"even":[107],"larger":[108],"reduction":[109],"15.4%.":[111],"The":[112],"variability-aware":[113,149],"versions":[114],"two":[117],"achieve":[119],"power/throughput":[120,165],"reductions":[121],"2.1%":[123],"9.9%":[125],"relative":[126],"LinOpt,":[128],"recent":[130],"software":[131],"variability-aw":[132],"scheme.":[135],"Designs":[136],"which":[137],"apply":[138],"at":[140],"coarser":[142],"granularity":[143],"also":[145],"considered,":[146],"schemes":[150],"maintain":[151],"improvement":[153],"over":[154],"-unaware":[156],"ones.":[157],"With":[158],"four":[159],"VFI,":[162],"reduces":[164],"6.5%":[167],"9.2%":[169],"threshold-":[172],"based":[173],"controllers,":[176],"respectively.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}