{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416082212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host68814.2026.11604748","title":"WaLi: Can Pressure Sensors in HVAC Systems Capture Human Speech?","display_name":"WaLi: Can Pressure Sensors in HVAC Systems Capture Human Speech?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416082212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host68814.2026.11604748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/host68814.2026.11604748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host68814.2026.11604748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22311","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093734248","display_name":"Tarikul Islam Tamiti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarikul Islam Tamiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037303250","display_name":"Biraj Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biraj Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rida Hasan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rida Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anomadarshi Barua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anomadarshi Barua","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of Cyber Security Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.4569000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.4569000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.11479999870061874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-sensor","display_name":"Pressure sensor","score":0.6003000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-noise","display_name":"Background noise","score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-measurement","display_name":"Pressure measurement","score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.3174000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41325743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261040","display_name":"Pressure sensor","level":2,"score":0.6003000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200239111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81809","display_name":"Atmospheric pressure","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433889","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/host68814.2026.11604748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host68814.2026.11604748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.22311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22311","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.22311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.22311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.22311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.22311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22311","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2452485306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"000142612163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416082212.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416082212.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pressure":[0],"sensors":[1,18,188],"are":[2,33],"an":[3,190,195],"integrated":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,29,57,63,98,103,160,164,192,197,211],"modern":[7],"Heating,":[8],"Ventilation,":[9],"and":[10,32,60,80,119,128,149,158,194],"Air":[11],"Conditioning":[12],"(HVAC)":[13],"systems.":[14],"As":[15],"these":[16],"pressure":[17,82,104,136,187,230],"operate":[19],"within":[20],"the":[21,78,86,134,142,155,161,165,237],"0-10":[22,58],"Pa":[23,59],"range,":[24],"support":[25],"high":[26],"sampling":[27,101],"frequencies":[28,163],"0.5-2":[30],"kHz,":[31],"often":[34],"placed":[35],"close":[36],"to":[37,44,125,202],"human":[38,50],"proximity,":[39],"they":[40],"can":[41,109],"be":[42],"used":[43],"eavesdrop":[45],"on":[46,173,185],"confidential":[47],"speech,":[48],"since":[49],"speech":[51,76,94],"has":[52,224],"a":[53,61,96,116,214,220],"similar":[54],"audible":[55],"range":[56],"bandwidth":[62],"4":[64],"kHz":[65,100,201,204],"for":[66,199,229,236],"intelligible":[67,75,93],"quality.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"presents":[71],"WaLi,":[72],"which":[73],"reconstructs":[74,92],"from":[77,95,146,219],"low-resolution":[79,135],"noisy":[81],"sensor":[83,137],"data":[84],"with":[85],"following":[87],"technical":[88],"contributions:":[89],"(i)":[90],"WaLi":[91,114,140],"minimum":[97],"0.5":[99,200],"frequency":[102],"sensors,":[105],"whereas":[106],"previous":[107],"work":[108],"only":[110],"detect":[111],"hot":[112],"words/phrases.":[113],"uses":[115],"complex-valued":[117],"conformer":[118],"Complex":[120],"Global":[121],"Attention":[122],"Block":[123],"(CGAB)":[124],"capture":[126],"inter-phoneme":[127],"intra-phoneme":[129],"dependencies":[130],"that":[131,208,223],"exist":[132],"in":[133,178],"data.":[138],"(ii)":[139],"handles":[141],"transient":[143],"noise":[144],"injected":[145],"HVAC":[147,175],"fans":[148],"duct":[150],"vibrations":[151],"by":[152],"reconstructing":[153],"both":[154],"clean":[156],"magnitude":[157],"phase":[159],"missing":[162],"low-frequency":[166],"aliased":[167],"components.":[168],"We":[169,206,232],"evaluate":[170],"our":[171],"attack":[172],"practical":[174],"systems":[176],"located":[177],"two":[179],"anonymous":[180],"industrial":[181],"facilities.":[182],"Extensive":[183],"studies":[184],"real-world":[186],"show":[189],"LSD":[191],"1.24":[193],"NISQA-MOS":[196],"1.78":[198],"8":[203],"upsampling.":[205],"believe":[207],"such":[209],"levels":[210],"accuracy":[212],"pose":[213],"significant":[215],"threat":[216],"when":[217],"viewed":[218],"privacy":[221],"perspective":[222],"not":[225],"been":[226],"addressed":[227],"before":[228],"sensors.":[231],"also":[233],"provide":[234],"defenses":[235],"attack.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
