{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399396300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host55342.2024.10545409","title":"A High Efficiency Hardware Design for the Post-Quantum KEM HQC","display_name":"A High Efficiency Hardware Design for the Post-Quantum KEM HQC","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399396300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host55342.2024.10545409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/host55342.2024.10545409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host55342.2024.10545409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021884192","display_name":"Francesco Antognazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-486X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Antognazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB,Milano,Italy","Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061596244","display_name":"Alessandro Barenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-6358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Barenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB,Milano,Italy","Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059940813","display_name":"Gerardo Pelosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-5429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerardo Pelosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB,Milano,Italy","Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081958048","display_name":"Ruggero Susella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5700-2811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124177","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03c7ss521","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210124177"]}],"countries":["CZ","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruggero Susella","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicrolectronics S.r.l.,Agrate Brianza,MB,Italy","STMicrolectronics S.r.l., Agrate Brianza, MB, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicrolectronics S.r.l.,Agrate Brianza,MB,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicrolectronics S.r.l., Agrate Brianza, MB, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021884192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7323814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"431","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6279703378677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5149139165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3316347002983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2558557093143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11849552392959595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6279703378677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5149139165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3316347002983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2558557093143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11849552392959595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/host55342.2024.10545409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/host55342.2024.10545409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1267242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1267242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514022891","https://openalex.org/W1534925464","https://openalex.org/W2020013154","https://openalex.org/W2082081063","https://openalex.org/W2127074672","https://openalex.org/W2162442687","https://openalex.org/W2735143923","https://openalex.org/W4281676495","https://openalex.org/W4293077571","https://openalex.org/W4316126605","https://openalex.org/W4318685315","https://openalex.org/W4324116664","https://openalex.org/W4361763425","https://openalex.org/W4381786746","https://openalex.org/W6635040018","https://openalex.org/W6742107484","https://openalex.org/W6838684149","https://openalex.org/W6855562221","https://openalex.org/W6861731922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,61,165],"present":[4],"the":[5,13,20,36,39,42,52,56,63,66,72,80,88,95,99,111,141,145,155,162,174],"first":[6],"high-performance":[7],"yet":[8],"compact":[9],"RTL":[10,147],"design":[11,33,86],"of":[12,24,38,41,55,65,128,144,149],"HQC":[14,57,73,150,163],"cryptographic":[15],"algorithm,":[16],"fully":[17],"compatible":[18],"with":[19,75,138,154],"last":[21],"specification":[22,156],"revision":[23],"April":[25],"2023,":[26],"which":[27,50],"added":[28],"implicit":[29],"rejection":[30],"calling.":[31],"Our":[32],"improves":[34],"on":[35],"state":[37,143],"art":[40,146],"specialized":[43],"polynomial":[44,68],"multipliers":[45],"and":[46,116,121,123,170,172,182],"Reed-Solomon/Reed-Muller":[47],"decoder":[48],"components,":[49],"take":[51],"largest":[53],"share":[54],"computation":[58],"time.":[59],"Furthermore,":[60],"compare":[62],"efficiency":[64,124,176],"sparse":[67],"sampler":[69],"proposed":[70,78],"by":[71,79,94,161,177],"team":[74],"different":[76],"approaches":[77],"research":[81],"community.":[82],"We":[83,107],"benchmarked":[84],"our":[85],"employing":[87],"Xilinx":[89],"Artix-7":[90],"FPGA":[91],"line,":[92],"selected":[93],"US":[96],"NIST":[97],"as":[98],"reference":[100],"benchmarking":[101],"platform":[102],"for":[103,113],"post-quantum":[104],"cipher":[105],"implementation.":[106],"report":[108],"improvements":[109,125],"in":[110],"latency":[112],"keygen,":[114],"encapsulation,":[115],"decapsulation":[117],"operations":[118],"between":[119,168,180],"1.58\u00d7":[120],"2.93\u00d7,":[122],"(in":[126],"terms":[127],"execution":[129],"time":[130],"per":[131],"hardware":[132],"resources)":[133],"from":[134],"1.23\u00d7":[135],"to":[136,140],"1.62\u00d7,":[137],"respect":[139],"current":[142],"implementations":[148],"components.":[151],"When":[152],"compared":[153],"compliant":[157],"HLS":[158],"implementation":[159],"provided":[160],"team,":[164],"achieve":[166],"speedups":[167],"7.41\u00d7":[169],"10.67\u00d7,":[171],"improve":[173],"overall":[175],"a":[178],"factor":[179],"6.05\u00d7":[181],"10.98\u00d7.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}