{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112056313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hldvt.2008.4695897","title":"High-level vulnerability over space and time to insidious soft errors","display_name":"High-level vulnerability over space and time to insidious soft errors","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112056313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hldvt.2008.4695897","mag":"2112056313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hldvt.2008.4695897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hldvt.2008.4695897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International High Level Design Validation and Test Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111076406","display_name":"Kenneth M. Zick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth M. Zick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Adv. Comput. Archit. Lab., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adv. Comput. Archit. Lab., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101995490","display_name":"John P. Hayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-492X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Adv. Comput. Archit. Lab., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adv. Comput. Archit. Lab., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111076406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82295847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.759415864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.695342481136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-error","display_name":"Soft error","score":0.676094651222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6144554615020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5861758589744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5584843158721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.4822583794593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43776363134384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4186604619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4125629663467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3992801606655121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35383278131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2192637324333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10925787687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.10382881760597229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.759415864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.695342481136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.676094651222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6144554615020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5861758589744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5584843158721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4822583794593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43776363134384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4186604619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4125629663467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3992801606655121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35383278131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2192637324333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10925787687301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.10382881760597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hldvt.2008.4695897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hldvt.2008.4695897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International High Level Design Validation and Test Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.155.4877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.155.4877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~kzick/HLDVT08_Zick.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160422864","https://openalex.org/W1606377265","https://openalex.org/W1652659619","https://openalex.org/W1966671942","https://openalex.org/W1986465830","https://openalex.org/W2052887509","https://openalex.org/W2053352232","https://openalex.org/W2084402884","https://openalex.org/W2127079764","https://openalex.org/W2129251801","https://openalex.org/W2139613807","https://openalex.org/W2147343854","https://openalex.org/W2160590289","https://openalex.org/W2165136860","https://openalex.org/W2165911142","https://openalex.org/W2596776308","https://openalex.org/W4230735214","https://openalex.org/W6636147314","https://openalex.org/W6636970849","https://openalex.org/W6671355386","https://openalex.org/W6680717467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W1927459197","https://openalex.org/W2554735846","https://openalex.org/W2394408226","https://openalex.org/W3041678444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,123,146],"integrity":[1],"of":[2,64,89,103,159],"computational":[3,60,78],"results":[4,111,124],"is":[5],"being":[6],"increasingly":[7],"threatened":[8],"by":[9,133],"soft":[10,26,56,92],"errors,":[11],"especially":[12],"for":[13,25,155],"computations":[14],"that":[15,58,80,126],"are":[16],"large-scale":[17],"or":[18],"performed":[19],"under":[20],"harsh":[21],"conditions.":[22],"Existing":[23],"methods":[24],"error":[27,93],"estimation":[28,66],"do":[29],"not":[30],"clearly":[31],"characterize":[32],"the":[33,47,68,71,76,101],"vulnerability":[34,49,114,128,143,150],"associated":[35],"with":[36],"a":[37,43,87,153],"particular":[38],"result.":[39],"1)":[40],"We":[41,85,108],"propose":[42],"metric":[44],"which":[45,139],"captures":[46],"intrinsic":[48],"over":[50],"space":[51],"and":[52,75,94,120,162,168],"time":[53],"(VST)":[54],"to":[55,96],"errors":[57],"corrupt":[59],"results.":[61],"method":[63,148],"VST":[65,147],"bridges":[67],"gap":[69],"between":[70],"inherently":[72],"low-level":[73],"faults":[74],"high-level":[77],"failures":[79],"they":[81],"eventually":[82],"cause.":[83],"2)":[84],"define":[86],"model":[88],"an":[90,160],"insidious":[91],"try":[95],"clear":[97],"up":[98],"confusion":[99],"around":[100],"concept":[102],"silent":[104],"data":[105],"corruption.":[106],"3)":[107],"present":[109],"experimental":[110],"from":[112],"three":[113],"studies":[115],"involving":[116],"floating-point":[117],"addition,":[118],"CORDIC,":[119],"FFT":[121],"computations.":[122],"show":[125],"traditional":[127],"metrics":[129],"can":[130],"be":[131],"confounded":[132],"seemingly":[134],"reliable":[135],"but":[136],"inefficient":[137],"implementations":[138,158],"actually":[140],"incur":[141],"high":[142],"per":[144],"computation.":[145],"characterizes":[149],"accurately,":[151],"provides":[152],"figure-of-merit":[154],"comparing":[156],"alternative":[157],"algorithm,":[161],"in":[163,171],"some":[164],"cases":[165],"uncovers":[166],"pronounced":[167],"unexpected":[169],"fluctuations":[170],"vulnerability.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}