{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986868968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/his.2011.6122174","title":"Neural network ensembles for video game AI using evolutionary multi-objective optimization","display_name":"Neural network ensembles for video game AI using evolutionary multi-objective optimization","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986868968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/his.2011.6122174","mag":"1986868968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/his.2011.6122174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/his.2011.6122174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 11th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tse Guan Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tse Guan Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084061900","display_name":"Patricia Anthony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4991-3340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Anthony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","Center of Excellence in Semantic Agents, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Semantic Agents, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057024603","display_name":"Jason Teo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-5915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Semantic Agents, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Semantic Agents, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085124966","display_name":"Jia Hui Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9953-3928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Hui Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evolutionary Computing Laboratory, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79374789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"605","last_page":"610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7966971397399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7130479216575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6482654213905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.601028561592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5583227276802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5304652452468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49563348293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.43865862488746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4313579797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4066995084285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.1003904938697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07295140624046326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7966971397399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7130479216575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6482654213905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.601028561592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5583227276802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5304652452468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49563348293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.43865862488746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4313579797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4066995084285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.1003904938697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07295140624046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/his.2011.6122174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/his.2011.6122174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 11th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166951565","https://openalex.org/W1528810889","https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1582046617","https://openalex.org/W1602402285","https://openalex.org/W1957430778","https://openalex.org/W1969072159","https://openalex.org/W2008553319","https://openalex.org/W2017851191","https://openalex.org/W2032784723","https://openalex.org/W2056764457","https://openalex.org/W2058307353","https://openalex.org/W2060954725","https://openalex.org/W2062302861","https://openalex.org/W2062747055","https://openalex.org/W2128145972","https://openalex.org/W2135293965","https://openalex.org/W2143249838","https://openalex.org/W2144012133","https://openalex.org/W2147234763","https://openalex.org/W2157041867","https://openalex.org/W6634944888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W3083152911","https://openalex.org/W3022347918","https://openalex.org/W4200527723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"an":[4,48],"increasing":[5],"interest":[6],"in":[7,37,101,110,151,185],"game":[8,20,77,116,191],"artificial":[9,53],"intelligence":[10],"(AI).":[11],"Game":[12],"AI":[13],"is":[14,27,59,139,143,164,177,194],"a":[15,38,67,85,186],"system":[16],"that":[17,26,58,173],"makes":[18],"the":[19,35,94,123,135,141,148,170,198],"characters":[21],"behave":[22],"like":[23],"human":[24],"beings":[25],"able":[28,60,178],"to":[29,33,61,104,166,180],"make":[30],"smart":[31],"decisions":[32],"achieve":[34],"target":[36],"computer":[39],"or":[40,92],"video":[41,69],"game.":[42,70],"Thus,":[43],"this":[44,72,132],"study":[45],"focuses":[46],"on":[47],"automated":[49],"method":[50],"of":[51,81,107],"generating":[52],"neural":[54,156,174,200],"network":[55,153,157,175],"(ANN)":[56],"controller":[57,78,142],"display":[62],"good":[63,183],"playing":[64],"behaviors":[65],"for":[66,79,90,131,145],"commercial":[68],"In":[71,118],"study,":[73],"we":[74,120],"create":[75],"neural-based":[76],"screen-capture":[80],"Ms.":[82,114],"Pac-Man":[83],"using":[84,147],"multi-objective":[86],"evolutionary":[87],"algorithm":[88,130],"(MOEA)":[89],"training":[91,137],"evolving":[93],"architectures":[95],"and":[96,112,155,169,189],"connection":[97],"weights":[98],"(including":[99],"biases)":[100],"ANN":[102,111],"corresponding":[103],"conflicting":[105],"goals":[106],"minimizing":[108],"complexity":[109],"maximizing":[113],"Pac-man":[115],"score.":[117],"particular,":[119],"have":[121],"chosen":[122],"commonly-used":[124],"Pareto":[125],"Archived":[126],"Evolution":[127],"Strategy":[128],"(PAES)":[129],"purpose.":[133],"After":[134],"entire":[136],"process":[138],"completed,":[140],"tested":[144],"generalization":[146],"optimized":[149],"networks":[150],"single":[152],"(single-net)":[154],"ensemble":[158,176],"(multi-net)":[159],"environments.":[160],"The":[161],"multi-net":[162],"model":[163],"compared":[165],"single-net":[167],"model,":[168],"results":[171],"reveal":[172],"learn":[179],"play":[181],"with":[182],"strategies":[184],"complex,":[187],"dynamic":[188],"difficult":[190],"environment":[192],"which":[193],"not":[195],"achievable":[196],"by":[197],"individual":[199],"network.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
