{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155826454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174353","title":"Measuring healthcare inequities using the Gini index","display_name":"Measuring healthcare inequities using the Gini index","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155826454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174353","mag":"2155826454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hicss.2003.1174353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058203466","display_name":"Donald J. Berndt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.J. Berndt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Decision Sciences College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Decision Sciences College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369","https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091608832","display_name":"John W. Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-3495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.W. Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Decision Sciences College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Decision Sciences College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369","https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024406138","display_name":"R.V. Rajendrababu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.V. Rajendrababu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Decision Sciences College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Decision Sciences College of Business Administration, University of South Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369","https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020157100","display_name":"James Studnicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-7493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Studnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Policy and Management College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Policy and Management College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058203466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7969403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10 pp.","last_page":"10 pp."},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6832364201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.594443678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.575516939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5309065580368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.46042323112487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compassion","display_name":"Compassion","score":0.4492916464805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.42283836007118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.3691118657588959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3550969362258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.33982914686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.32092607021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.294599711894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.25067460536956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.08563733100891113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6832364201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.594443678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.575516939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5309065580368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.46042323112487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777432744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412160","display_name":"Compassion","level":2,"score":0.4492916464805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.42283836007118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3691118657588959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3550969362258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33982914686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.32092607021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.294599711894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25067460536956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.08563733100891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hicss.2003.1174353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332220049","https://openalex.org/W1494331583","https://openalex.org/W1535803599","https://openalex.org/W1601438659","https://openalex.org/W1977383172","https://openalex.org/W1978881912","https://openalex.org/W1988427925","https://openalex.org/W2009288217","https://openalex.org/W2018603311","https://openalex.org/W2053384047","https://openalex.org/W2060467469","https://openalex.org/W2062742936","https://openalex.org/W2069122321","https://openalex.org/W2088460643","https://openalex.org/W2098667370","https://openalex.org/W2113504992","https://openalex.org/W2117686501","https://openalex.org/W2125460118","https://openalex.org/W2143912385","https://openalex.org/W2149900469","https://openalex.org/W2162640314","https://openalex.org/W2165030669","https://openalex.org/W2168535487","https://openalex.org/W2188644308","https://openalex.org/W2315684569","https://openalex.org/W2333589922","https://openalex.org/W2735614936","https://openalex.org/W3005997479","https://openalex.org/W4237187395","https://openalex.org/W4240087261","https://openalex.org/W4256068541","https://openalex.org/W4298106944","https://openalex.org/W4388366923","https://openalex.org/W6611310270","https://openalex.org/W6631981854","https://openalex.org/W6644667890","https://openalex.org/W6674992014","https://openalex.org/W6773664642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399633408","https://openalex.org/W242584629","https://openalex.org/W2349282287","https://openalex.org/W2147859569","https://openalex.org/W2500688278","https://openalex.org/W2174069299","https://openalex.org/W2384319328","https://openalex.org/W2508783016","https://openalex.org/W1994363509","https://openalex.org/W2159822851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Questions":[0],"of":[1,6,35,44,58,61,67,88,97,117,127,136],"healthcare":[2,110,152],"inequities":[3,153],"have":[4],"been":[5],"continuing":[7],"concern":[8],"to":[9,17,23,83,148],"health":[10,89,137],"researchers,":[11],"planners,":[12],"and":[13,32,38,46],"policymakers.":[14],"The":[15,145],"answers":[16],"such":[18],"questions":[19],"can":[20],"be":[21],"difficult":[22],"interpret,":[24],"but":[25],"deeply":[26],"affect":[27],"policy":[28],"formulation,":[29],"resource":[30],"allocation,":[31],"our":[33],"perceptions":[34],"the":[36,42,54,65,70,115,118,125,131,141,155],"fairness":[37],"compassion":[39],"inherent":[40],"in":[41,154],"institutions":[43],"government":[45],"society":[47],"as":[48],"a":[49,85],"whole.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"describes":[53],"data":[55,111],"warehouse":[56,112],"implementation":[57],"several":[59],"measures":[60,82],"inequality":[62],"drawn":[63],"from":[64],"field":[66],"economics,":[68],"including":[69],"Gini":[71],"index.":[72],"Past":[73],"research":[74],"has":[75],"often":[76],"focused":[77],"on":[78,151],"using":[79],"these":[80],"economic":[81],"characterize":[84],"small":[86],"set":[87],"status":[90,138],"indicators,":[91],"usually":[92],"at":[93,124,140],"fairly":[94],"high":[95],"levels":[96],"aggregation,":[98],"with":[99],"comparisons":[100],"between":[101],"states":[102],"or":[103],"nations.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"research,":[107],"an":[108],"ongoing":[109],"project":[113],"under":[114],"auspices":[116],"Center":[119],"for":[120,133,159],"Health":[121],"Outcomes":[122],"Research":[123],"University":[126],"South":[128],"Florida":[129],"provides":[130],"infrastructure":[132],"exploring":[134],"hundreds":[135],"indicators":[139],"ZIP":[142],"code":[143],"level.":[144],"goal":[146],"is":[147],"include":[149],"information":[150],"many":[156],"reports":[157],"generated":[158],"policymakers":[160],"throughout":[161],"Florida.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}