{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110227006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1173740","title":"An exploratory comparison of the roles of representations in face to face and online collaborative learning","display_name":"An exploratory comparison of the roles of representations in face to face and online collaborative learning","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110227006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1173740","mag":"2110227006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hicss.2003.1173740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1173740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090478854","display_name":"Daniel D. Suthers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.D. Suthers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai\u00ec, Manoa, USA","Dept. of Inf. & Comput. Sci., Hawaii Univ., Manoa, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai\u00ec, Manoa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. & Comput. Sci., Hawaii Univ., Manoa, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008723826","display_name":"Christopher Hundhausen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-905X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.D. Hundhausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai\u00ec, Manoa, USA","Dept. of Inf. & Comput. Sci., Hawaii Univ., Manoa, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai\u00ec, Manoa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. & Comput. Sci., Hawaii Univ., Manoa, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026292612","display_name":"Laura E. Girardeau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.E. Girardeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai\u00ec, Manoa, USA","Dept. of Inf. & Comput. Sci., Hawaii Univ., Manoa, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawai\u00ec, Manoa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. & Comput. Sci., Hawaii Univ., Manoa, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"10 pp.","last_page":"10 pp."},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.7171213626861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face","display_name":"Face-to-face","score":0.6582915782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face-interaction","display_name":"Face-to-face interaction","score":0.6142227053642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5970339775085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5890761017799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5644680261611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.5304474234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5002436637878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.49562060832977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.42630457878112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.39576414227485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.17893248796463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17704033851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11296048760414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10241302847862244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.7171213626861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777359053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463823","display_name":"Face-to-face","level":2,"score":0.6582915782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189634115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154285","display_name":"Face-to-face interaction","level":2,"score":0.6142227053642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5970339775085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5890761017799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5644680261611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5304474234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5002436637878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.49562060832977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42630457878112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39576414227485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.17893248796463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17704033851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11296048760414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10241302847862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hicss.2003.1173740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1173740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.3.2321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.2321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.hicss.hawaii.edu/HICSS36/HICSSpapers/CLTSL02.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.7.4511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.7.4511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lilt.ics.hawaii.edu/~hundhaus/writings/HICSS2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.70.9934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.70.9934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lilt.ics.hawaii.edu/lilt/papers/2003/Suthers-et-al-HICSS-2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/22895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154368409","https://openalex.org/W154846494","https://openalex.org/W197473656","https://openalex.org/W1498662626","https://openalex.org/W1573749934","https://openalex.org/W1575941686","https://openalex.org/W1741471588","https://openalex.org/W1992223810","https://openalex.org/W2018029352","https://openalex.org/W2022686186","https://openalex.org/W2024458209","https://openalex.org/W2032966737","https://openalex.org/W2038344994","https://openalex.org/W2063790518","https://openalex.org/W2108421826","https://openalex.org/W2117465088","https://openalex.org/W2140721505","https://openalex.org/W2150742854","https://openalex.org/W2152780039","https://openalex.org/W4251270809","https://openalex.org/W4255942241","https://openalex.org/W6629524473","https://openalex.org/W6634567381","https://openalex.org/W6676250997","https://openalex.org/W6677454470","https://openalex.org/W6681031903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3214383701","https://openalex.org/W2021203761","https://openalex.org/W2188535471","https://openalex.org/W4379648561","https://openalex.org/W2466019897","https://openalex.org/W2056243467","https://openalex.org/W2970944498","https://openalex.org/W1764449846","https://openalex.org/W2962701534","https://openalex.org/W4393442898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,97,124],"paper":[1,27],"reports":[2],"an":[3],"empirical":[4],"study":[5,23,104],"comparing":[6],"the":[7,47,52,60,82,87,102,119,128,135],"role":[8],"of":[9,49,59,62,74,81,85,99,121],"discourse":[10],"and":[11,79],"knowledge":[12],"representations":[13,50,88,100],"in":[14,25,51,72,101,118],"face":[15,17],"to":[16,31],"versus":[18],"distance":[19],"collaborative":[20],"learning.":[21],"reported":[24],"this":[26],"compares":[28],"proximal":[29],"(face":[30],"face)":[32],"with":[33],"distal":[34,53,103],"(synchronous":[35],"collaboration":[36],"via":[37],"networked":[38],"software)":[39],"conditions.":[40],"Two":[41],"competing":[42],"hypotheses":[43],"were":[44],"evaluated:":[45],"(1)":[46],"influence":[48,98],"condition":[54],"could":[55,105],"be":[56,106],"weaker":[57],"because":[58,80,108],"lack":[61],"implicit":[63],"\"taken":[64],"as":[65,89],"shared\"":[66],"that":[67],"results":[68],"from":[69],"working":[70],"together":[71],"front":[73],"a":[75,90],"physically":[76],"shared":[77],"display,":[78],"greater":[83],"difficulty":[84],"utilizing":[86],"resource":[91],"for":[92,115],"conversation":[93],"through":[94],"gesturing.":[95],"(2)":[96],"stronger":[107],"participants":[109],"may":[110],"rely":[111],"more":[112],"on":[113],"them":[114],"their":[116],"communication":[117],"absence":[120],"face-to-face":[122],"communication.":[123],"quantitative":[125],"data":[126],"supported":[127,134],"second":[129],"hypothesis,":[130],"while":[131],"other":[132],"observations":[133],"first":[136],"hypothesis.":[137],"A":[138],"synthesis":[139],"is":[140],"offered.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
