{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157970371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom49281.2021.9398986","title":"Indoor Localization Using Multi-Color Fingerprinting","display_name":"Indoor Localization Using Multi-Color Fingerprinting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157970371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom49281.2021.9398986","mag":"3157970371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/healthcom49281.2021.9398986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom49281.2021.9398986","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on E-health Networking, Application & Services (HEALTHCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075070524","display_name":"Till Rexhausen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149358","display_name":"Nokia (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwfkk85","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210149358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE","FI","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Till Rexhausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Paris-Saclay, Nozay, France","Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay]","Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lische Technische Hochschule Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Paris-Saclay, Nozay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lische Technische Hochschule Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082908618","display_name":"Chung Shue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-2369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149358","display_name":"Nokia (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwfkk85","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210149358"]}],"countries":["FI","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung Shue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Paris-Saclay, Nozay, France","Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences","Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Paris-Saclay, Nozay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045688546","display_name":"Fabio Pianese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149358","display_name":"Nokia (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwfkk85","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210149358"]}],"countries":["FI","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Pianese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Paris-Saclay, Nozay, France","Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Paris-Saclay, Nozay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88590732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7640634775161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.7487375140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6831005811691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.6758511066436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5476592183113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5469881892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5367914438247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5114313960075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43315985798835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4171944856643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4123741686344147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.1599026322364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12208220362663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.1067608892917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09188786149024963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7640634775161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.7487375140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6831005811691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.6758511066436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5476592183113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5469881892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5367914438247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5114313960075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43315985798835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4171944856643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4123741686344147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.1599026322364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12208220362663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.1067608892917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09188786149024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/healthcom49281.2021.9398986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom49281.2021.9398986","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on E-health Networking, Application & Services (HEALTHCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587526748","https://openalex.org/W1513950989","https://openalex.org/W1525277621","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1965524806","https://openalex.org/W1976761711","https://openalex.org/W2022246132","https://openalex.org/W2035794272","https://openalex.org/W2052035846","https://openalex.org/W2065009488","https://openalex.org/W2089123344","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2103728555","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2110176871","https://openalex.org/W2148566104","https://openalex.org/W2271529846","https://openalex.org/W2593990851","https://openalex.org/W2596118521","https://openalex.org/W2749750670","https://openalex.org/W2891039375","https://openalex.org/W2953433632","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W3101477643","https://openalex.org/W4240342581","https://openalex.org/W6630810804","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6675765779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280661472","https://openalex.org/W4317418868","https://openalex.org/W4379364347","https://openalex.org/W2242405830","https://openalex.org/W3192595930","https://openalex.org/W3141622885","https://openalex.org/W2963071055","https://openalex.org/W2948691285","https://openalex.org/W4391115158","https://openalex.org/W2618024820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"VLC":[0],"based":[1,80],"indoor":[2,30,77,133],"positioning":[3],"system":[4,79],"is":[5,86,110,128],"a":[6,71,107,125],"natural":[7],"choice":[8],"thanks":[9],"to":[10,23,28,115],"LED":[11,20],"technology":[12,108],"and":[13,41,74,91,138,149],"future":[14],"trend.":[15],"We":[16],"can":[17,56],"reuse":[18],"existing":[19],"lighting":[21],"installations":[22],"design":[24],"an":[25,76],"appropriate":[26],"scheme":[27],"provide":[29],"localization.":[31],"By":[32],"receiving":[33],"basic":[34],"information":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"the":[38,43,46,61,82],"light":[39,83],"intensity":[40],"knowing":[42],"position":[44,59],"of":[45,63,155],"transmitters":[47],"for":[48,88],"example":[49],"through":[50],"Visible":[51],"Light":[52],"Communication":[53],"(VLC),":[54],"one":[55],"estimate":[57],"its":[58,147],"with":[60,151],"potential":[62],"high":[64],"accuracy.":[65],"In":[66,122],"this":[67,123],"paper,":[68,124],"we":[69],"use":[70],"multi-color":[72,136],"sensor":[73],"build":[75],"localization":[78,134,153],"on":[81],"fingerprint,":[84],"which":[85],"suitable":[87],"smart":[89],"cities":[90],"homes,":[92],"health-care":[93],"centers,":[94],"hospitals":[95],"or":[96],"similar.":[97],"There":[98],"are,":[99],"however,":[100],"several":[101],"practical":[102],"problems":[103],"that":[104,109],"make":[105],"it":[106],"not":[111],"yet":[112],"sufficiently":[113],"developed":[114],"be":[116],"used":[117],"in":[118],"our":[119],"everyday":[120],"life.":[121],"new":[126],"perspective":[127],"given":[129],"by":[130],"looking":[131],"into":[132],"using":[135],"fingerprinting":[137],"different":[139],"machine":[140],"learning":[141],"methods.":[142],"Experiment":[143],"results":[144],"have":[145],"shown":[146],"effectiveness":[148],"potentials":[150],"mean":[152],"errors":[154],"around":[156],"ten":[157],"centimeters.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}