{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012066145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom.2014.7001813","title":"Formalizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signal behavior in event-B","display_name":"Formalizing electrocardiogram (ECG) signal behavior in event-B","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012066145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom.2014.7001813","mag":"2012066145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/healthcom.2014.7001813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom.2014.7001813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016925365","display_name":"Hussam Al Hamadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussam Al-Hamadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, UAE","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Khalifa University , UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Khalifa University , UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046506396","display_name":"Amjad Gawanmeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Gawanmeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, UAE","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Khalifa University , UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Khalifa University , UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020682177","display_name":"Mahmoud Al\u2010Qutayri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-8036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Al-Qutayri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, UAE","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Khalifa University , UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Khalifa University , UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7148862481117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.673959493637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6118690371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6060895919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5490394830703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46252402663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4144356846809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36138391494750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32185494899749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.07823219895362854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7148862481117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.673959493637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6118690371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6060895919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5490394830703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46252402663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4144356846809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36138391494750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32185494899749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.07823219895362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/healthcom.2014.7001813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/healthcom.2014.7001813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1259680463","https://openalex.org/W1544374486","https://openalex.org/W1566986515","https://openalex.org/W1626226026","https://openalex.org/W1965189970","https://openalex.org/W1971486022","https://openalex.org/W1974004520","https://openalex.org/W1983692353","https://openalex.org/W2068400801","https://openalex.org/W2082433104","https://openalex.org/W2100505193","https://openalex.org/W2130673707","https://openalex.org/W2131200604","https://openalex.org/W2131209722","https://openalex.org/W2163377462","https://openalex.org/W4244819751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307845877","https://openalex.org/W2044447779","https://openalex.org/W2419671417","https://openalex.org/W2385876366","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2900287648","https://openalex.org/W1914472286","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W2168366193","https://openalex.org/W2917731858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recording":[0],"the":[1,5,42,55,61,64,69,104,114,137,147],"electrical":[2,15],"activity":[3],"of":[4,10,29,60,71,82,139,149],"heart":[6,56],"over":[7],"a":[8,27,80,83,131],"period":[9],"time":[11],"as":[12,20,26],"detected":[13],"using":[14],"sensors":[16],"is":[17,24,79],"referred":[18],"to":[19,54,109,133],"Electrocardiography":[21],"(ECG).":[22],"ECG":[23,48,72,120,140,150],"recorded":[25],"collection":[28],"signal":[30],"waves":[31,148],"that":[32,86,116],"has":[33],"repetitive":[34],"patterns.":[35],"These":[36],"patterns":[37],"are":[38,117],"usually":[39],"used":[40],"in":[41,92,97,113,126,142],"complex":[43],"diagnosis":[44],"process":[45],"through":[46],"which":[47,90],"may":[49,107],"indicate":[50],"certain":[51],"problems":[52,96],"related":[53],"or":[57],"other":[58,105],"parts":[59],"body.":[62],"Despite":[63],"extensive":[65],"studies":[66],"conducted":[67],"on":[68,103],"analysis":[70],"signals":[73,141],"and":[74,95,100,111,122,135,151,154,157],"their":[75,88,98,123,152,162],"thorough":[76],"analysis,":[77],"there":[78],"lack":[81],"formal":[84],"model":[85],"validate":[87,136,158],"specifications,":[89],"results":[91],"several":[93,159],"inconsistencies":[94],"interpretations":[99],"usage.":[101],"This,":[102],"hand,":[106],"lead":[108],"ambiguities":[110],"incompleteness":[112],"methods":[115],"developed":[118],"utilizing":[119],"specifications":[121,138],"features.":[124],"Therefore,":[125],"this":[127],"paper":[128],"we":[129],"propose":[130],"method":[132],"formalize":[134,156],"Event-B.":[143],"We":[144],"formally":[145],"define":[146],"relation,":[153],"then":[155],"properties":[160],"about":[161],"behavior.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}