{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387064039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hcs59251.2023.10254721","title":"IBM NorthPole Neural Inference Machine","display_name":"IBM NorthPole Neural Inference Machine","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387064039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hcs59251.2023.10254721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hcs59251.2023.10254721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hcs59251.2023.10254721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Hot Chips 35 Symposium (HCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063718511","display_name":"Dharmendra S. Modha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6714-8127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dharmendra S. Modha","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002319629","display_name":"Filipp Akopyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5312-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipp Akopyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103360230","display_name":"Alexander Andreopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Andreopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022262317","display_name":"Rathinakumar Appuswamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rathinakumar Appuswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087078947","display_name":"John V. Arthur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John V. Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044024456","display_name":"Andrew S. Cassidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-4198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew S. Cassidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064191197","display_name":"Pallab Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-9729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallab Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027380988","display_name":"Michael DeBole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael V. DeBole","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055044754","display_name":"Steven K. Esser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4089-0577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven K. Esser","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069172065","display_name":"Carlos Ortega Otero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Ortega Otero","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083548741","display_name":"Jun Sawada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sawada","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041605470","display_name":"Brian Taba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7831-1139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Taba","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101757788","display_name":"Arnon Amir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6814-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnon Amir","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045970662","display_name":"Deepika Bablani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-8201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepika Bablani","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031497317","display_name":"Peter J. Carlson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005956938","display_name":"Myron Flickner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myron D. Flickner","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092947158","display_name":"Rajamohan Gandhasri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5068-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajamohan Gandhasri","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005670873","display_name":"Guillaume Garreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-9232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume J. Garreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042484827","display_name":"Megumi Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3627-5308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megumi Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084934945","display_name":"Jennifer L. Klamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9042-0476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer L. Klamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069592415","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Kusnitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey A. Kusnitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059841005","display_name":"Nathaniel J. McClatchey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel J. McClatchey","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059206462","display_name":"Jeffrey L. McKinstry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey L. McKinstry","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063752378","display_name":"Yutaka Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutaka Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976698","display_name":"Tapan K. Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapan K. Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042044567","display_name":"W. P. Risk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3211-0738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William P. Risk","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113582614","display_name":"Kai Schleupen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Schleupen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108605239","display_name":"Ben Shaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092947159","display_name":"Jay Sivagnaname","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Sivagnaname","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111990430","display_name":"Daniel F. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel F. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054567571","display_name":"Ignacio Terrizzano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-2601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Terrizzano","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011340584","display_name":"Takanori Ueda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-4640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takanori Ueda","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,San Jose,CA","IBM Research, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,San Jose,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":32,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063718511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87752442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.16740000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.16740000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.776363730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.7542988061904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5434622168540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4765801429748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4531243145465851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36480849981307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3428291082382202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.776363730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.7542988061904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5434622168540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4765801429748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4531243145465851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36480849981307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3428291082382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hcs59251.2023.10254721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hcs59251.2023.10254721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Hot Chips 35 Symposium (HCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3783880987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-19-C-1518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","funder_display_name":"U.S. Air Force"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2398322655","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2524838473","https://openalex.org/W3013127112","https://openalex.org/W3081879387","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W628040712","https://openalex.org/W2251285835","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286629047"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
