{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802843014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2018.8357194","title":"Six principal modes of vibrotactile display via stylus","display_name":"Six principal modes of vibrotactile display via stylus","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802843014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2018.8357194","mag":"2802843014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptics.2018.8357194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2018.8357194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086448560","display_name":"Ruisi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruisi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Robotics Center, University of Utah, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Robotics Center, University of Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723","https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071469012","display_name":"Andrew J. Boyles","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Boyles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063340394","display_name":"Jake J. Abbott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0665-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake J. Abbott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Robotics Center, University of Utah, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Robotics Center, University of Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723","https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086448560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165","https://openalex.org/I4210116723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76270769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"313","last_page":"318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stylus","display_name":"Stylus","score":0.9956029653549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.7592968940734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grasp","display_name":"GRASP","score":0.7052193284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6923379898071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-perception","display_name":"Haptic perception","score":0.5759830474853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5317893028259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4785493016242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.44771188497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33929747343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3330781161785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20045769214630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17050960659980774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164086593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227035","display_name":"Stylus","level":2,"score":0.9956029653549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.7592968940734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.7052193284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6923379898071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778360479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289489","display_name":"Haptic perception","level":3,"score":0.5759830474853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5317893028259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4785493016242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.44771188497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33929747343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3330781161785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20045769214630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17050960659980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptics.2018.8357194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2018.8357194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513648806","https://openalex.org/W1531634634","https://openalex.org/W1560270123","https://openalex.org/W1561067792","https://openalex.org/W1608524873","https://openalex.org/W1835947927","https://openalex.org/W1980534364","https://openalex.org/W1983555738","https://openalex.org/W1994553613","https://openalex.org/W1998062581","https://openalex.org/W2021455339","https://openalex.org/W2069735249","https://openalex.org/W2072026886","https://openalex.org/W2091172809","https://openalex.org/W2094938076","https://openalex.org/W2133767973","https://openalex.org/W2148329528","https://openalex.org/W2211217408","https://openalex.org/W4211116506","https://openalex.org/W6630995311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200457072","https://openalex.org/W2156701455","https://openalex.org/W2146087280","https://openalex.org/W2427793137","https://openalex.org/W2998207585","https://openalex.org/W2439615175","https://openalex.org/W2727515034","https://openalex.org/W61839518","https://openalex.org/W2128748088","https://openalex.org/W4389116122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vibrotactile":[0],"display":[1,81],"can":[2,173],"significantly":[3],"enhance":[4],"the":[5,47,52,70,84,89,114,117,125,142,145,153,158,168,171,179,184],"haptic":[6,85],"fidelity":[7],"of":[8,55,58,79,88,116,144,170],"tool-mediated":[9],"interaction":[10,86],"with":[11,65],"virtual":[12],"surfaces.":[13],"Although":[14],"there":[15,23],"has":[16],"been":[17],"significant":[18],"research":[19],"on":[20],"this":[21],"topic,":[22],"is":[24,37],"little":[25],"known":[26],"about":[27,113],"vibrotactile":[28,48,80],"perception":[29],"when":[30],"using":[31],"torque-based":[32],"actuation,":[33],"nor":[34],"how":[35],"it":[36],"perceived":[38],"in":[39,51],"comparison":[40],"to":[41,110,120,124,137,141,148,152,167,193],"force-based":[42],"actuation.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"characterizes":[46],"detection":[49],"thresholds":[50,159],"frequency":[53],"range":[54],"20-250":[56],"Hz":[57],"ten":[59],"human":[60],"subjects":[61,105,133],"holding":[62],"a":[63,66],"stylus":[64,118,146,172],"precision":[67],"grasp.":[68],"For":[69],"first":[71],"time,":[72],"we":[73],"consider":[74],"all":[75,189],"six":[76,190],"principal":[77,191],"modes":[78,192],"rendered":[82],"at":[83,130,183],"point":[87],"stylus,":[90],"which":[91,187],"includes":[92],"three":[93,98],"orthogonal":[94,99,123,151,166],"force":[95,138,149,161],"directions":[96],"and":[97,162],"torque":[100,111,121,163],"directions.":[101],"We":[102,127,155],"find":[103,128,156],"that":[104,157],"are":[106,134],"far":[107],"more":[108],"sensitive":[109,136],"signals":[112,122,139,150,164],"shaft":[115,143,169],"than":[119,147],"shaft.":[126,154],"that,":[129],"low":[131],"frequencies,":[132],"less":[135],"parallel":[140],"for":[160],"applied":[165],"be":[174,194],"approximately":[175],"equated":[176],"by":[177],"considering":[178],"reaction":[180],"moment":[181],"felt":[182],"grasp":[185],"point,":[186],"enables":[188],"quantitatively":[195],"compared.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}