{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022240548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2008.4479905","title":"The Geometric Model for Perceived Roughness Applies to Virtual Textures","display_name":"The Geometric Model for Perceived Roughness Applies to Virtual Textures","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022240548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2008.4479905","mag":"2022240548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptics.2008.4479905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2008.4479905","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111586263","display_name":"Bertram Unger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertram Unger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113484919","display_name":"Ralph Hollis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Hollis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019042403","display_name":"Roberta L. Klatzky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-9186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberta Klatzky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, e-mail: klatzky@cmu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, e-mail: klatzky@cmu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67085674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.6493645310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.4971792995929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.4795382022857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.47840771079063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conical-surface","display_name":"Conical surface","score":0.4501960277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4473058581352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collinearity","display_name":"Collinearity","score":0.41684091091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.36435383558273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3470805585384369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2843888998031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2697381377220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26056158542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2016068398952484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.6493645310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.4971792995929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.4795382022857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.47840771079063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124961601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518149","display_name":"Conical surface","level":2,"score":0.4501960277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4473058581352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106192678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419761","display_name":"Collinearity","level":2,"score":0.41684091091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.36435383558273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3470805585384369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2843888998031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2697381377220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26056158542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2016068398952484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptics.2008.4479905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2008.4479905","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W658619857","https://openalex.org/W1559066711","https://openalex.org/W1578993766","https://openalex.org/W1973485927","https://openalex.org/W1994990496","https://openalex.org/W2003471412","https://openalex.org/W2016060034","https://openalex.org/W2046572219","https://openalex.org/W2111472420","https://openalex.org/W2114231003","https://openalex.org/W2118903899","https://openalex.org/W2126011497","https://openalex.org/W2131747525","https://openalex.org/W2143507168","https://openalex.org/W2144226300","https://openalex.org/W2155447979","https://openalex.org/W2166860092","https://openalex.org/W2168379671","https://openalex.org/W4205836174","https://openalex.org/W4241208124","https://openalex.org/W4246041599","https://openalex.org/W6634718215","https://openalex.org/W6805969281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386922414","https://openalex.org/W4313638943","https://openalex.org/W1966522691","https://openalex.org/W4304014137","https://openalex.org/W3034740403","https://openalex.org/W2032025132","https://openalex.org/W4297916609","https://openalex.org/W2349732462","https://openalex.org/W2783679862","https://openalex.org/W1988381798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,19,158],"magnetic":[1],"levitation":[2],"haptic":[3,194],"device":[4,195],"(MLHD)":[5],"is":[6,97,116,144,190],"used":[7,204],"to":[8,34,60,75,113,148,205,216],"simulate":[9],"a":[10,79,100,193],"dithered":[11,142],"textured":[12],"surface":[13,21],"made":[14],"up":[15],"of":[16,49,71,81,127],"conical":[17],"elements.":[18],"constraint":[20],"algorithm":[22],"allows":[23],"the":[24,50,104,128,133,155,174],"cone":[25],"size,":[26,33],"shape,":[27],"mean":[28],"inter-element":[29],"spacing":[30,93,101,111,135],"and":[31,46,123,132,182,200],"probe":[32,171],"be":[35,180,203],"varied":[36],"in":[37,151,214],"realtime.":[38],"The":[39,125],"high":[40,47,198],"motion":[41],"bandwidth,":[42],"fine":[43],"spatial":[44],"resolution":[45,199],"stiffness":[48],"MLHD":[51],"produce":[52],"virtual":[53,68,141,208],"textures":[54,77,143,153,209],"with":[55,166,196],"roughness":[56,89,96,139,215],"perception":[57],"characteristics":[58],"comparable":[59],"geometrically":[61],"similar":[62,147,213],"real":[63,152,217],"textures.":[64,218],"Human":[65],"subjects":[66],"use":[67],"spherical":[69],"probes":[70],"four":[72],"different":[73],"sizes":[74],"explore":[76],"over":[78],"range":[80],"element":[82],"spacings.":[83],"Roughness":[84,107],"magnitude":[85,129],"estimates":[86],"show":[87],"that":[88,192],"initially":[90],"increases":[91],"as":[92,110],"increases.":[94],"Maximum":[95],"perceived":[98],"at":[99,136],"governed":[102],"by":[103],"probe-texture":[105],"geometry.":[106,157],"then":[108],"decreases":[109],"continues":[112],"increase.":[114],"There":[115],"an":[117],"approximately":[118,162],"quadratic":[119],"relationship":[120],"between":[121],"texture":[122,134],"spacing.":[124],"shape":[126],"estimation":[130],"curve,":[131],"which":[137,210],"maximum":[138],"for":[140],"felt,":[145],"are":[146,211],"those":[149],"found":[150],"having":[154],"same":[156],"static":[159],"geometric":[160,175],"model":[161],"predicts":[163],"these":[164,187],"maxima":[165],"consistent":[167],"underestimation.":[168],"By":[169],"incorporating":[170],"velocity":[172],"into":[173],"model,":[176],"this":[177],"underestimation":[178],"can":[179,202],"explained":[181],"substantially":[183],"reduced.":[184],"Based":[185],"on":[186],"results":[188],"it":[189],"concluded":[191],"sufficiently":[197],"bandwidth":[201],"accurately":[206],"generate":[207],"perceptually":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}