{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116450290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444659","title":"Force and contact location shading thresholds for smoothly rendering polygonal models","display_name":"Force and contact location shading thresholds for smoothly rendering polygonal models","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116450290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444659","mag":"2116450290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptic.2010.5444659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444659","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005310080","display_name":"Andrew J. Doxon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Doxon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, USA","University of Utah  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101586727","display_name":"David E. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-8736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, USA","University of Utah  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017494050","display_name":"Hong Z. Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-9554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Z. Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, USA","University of Utah  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047010050","display_name":"William R. Provancher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Provancher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, USA","University of Utah  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005310080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67347877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8278435468673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.635883092880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6150885224342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6131100654602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.585493266582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-of-discontinuities","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","score":0.5609252452850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.528769850730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4707777202129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44775810837745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.41769707202911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2653898596763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09667086601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07348015904426575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8278435468673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.635883092880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6150885224342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6131100654602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.585493266582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.5609252452850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.528769850730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4707777202129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44775810837745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.41769707202911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2653898596763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09667086601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07348015904426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptic.2010.5444659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444659","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155509513","https://openalex.org/W1492804155","https://openalex.org/W1512389895","https://openalex.org/W1963612517","https://openalex.org/W1985275585","https://openalex.org/W2008851371","https://openalex.org/W2045971162","https://openalex.org/W2093183648","https://openalex.org/W2114091095","https://openalex.org/W2147179960","https://openalex.org/W2148329528","https://openalex.org/W2160250688","https://openalex.org/W2160509387","https://openalex.org/W2210348118","https://openalex.org/W2495011722","https://openalex.org/W4232009604","https://openalex.org/W4240633808","https://openalex.org/W4254789753","https://openalex.org/W6629335592","https://openalex.org/W6641015986","https://openalex.org/W6836313560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994336186","https://openalex.org/W2390827063","https://openalex.org/W2587512547","https://openalex.org/W2372305560","https://openalex.org/W2393851740","https://openalex.org/W2103040079","https://openalex.org/W2319567267","https://openalex.org/W2392589984","https://openalex.org/W2315756339","https://openalex.org/W2314027596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"tactile":[1,24,69,88],"feedback":[2,25,115,180],"in":[3,45,192,208,215],"concert":[4],"with":[5,15],"kinesthetic":[6],"information":[7],"can":[8,82,224],"dramatically":[9],"improve":[10],"one's":[11],"ability":[12],"to":[13,63,85,125,141,188,201,206,237],"interact":[14],"and":[16,33,89,97,116,132],"explore":[17],"virtual":[18],"environments.":[19,47],"However,":[20],"the":[21,28,31,49,60,66,94,111,143,149,159,175,183,186,189,204,209,216],"addition":[22,176],"of":[23,30,35,56,68,99,113,138,177,185,196],"also":[26],"enhances":[27],"saliency":[29],"vertices":[32],"edges":[34,207],"polygonal":[36,50,134,193,220],"objects,":[37],"which":[38,81,211],"are":[39,156,235],"commonly":[40],"used":[41,84,140,226],"as":[42,158,227],"model":[43,51],"representations":[44],"haptic":[46,114,118],"When":[48],"is":[52],"an":[53,128,213],"approximate":[54],"representation":[55],"a":[57,78,228],"smooth":[58,130,169],"surface,":[59],"heightened":[61],"response":[62],"discontinuities":[64,190],"reduces":[65],"effectiveness":[67,98],"feedback.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"addresses":[73],"this":[74],"issue":[75],"by":[76,110],"developing":[77],"smoothing":[79],"algorithm,":[80],"be":[83,225],"provide":[86],"both":[87],"force":[90],"shading.":[91],"To":[92],"investigate":[93],"increased":[95,147,182],"sensitivity":[96,184,205],"our":[100],"algorithm":[101],"we":[102],"conducted":[103],"four":[104],"perceptual":[105],"experiments.":[106],"Each":[107],"experiment":[108],"differed":[109],"type":[112],"whether":[117],"shading":[119,197],"was":[120,146,172,199],"rendered.":[121],"Participants":[122],"were":[123,152],"asked":[124],"discriminate":[126],"between":[127,164,218],"ideal":[129],"cylinder":[131],"its":[133],"approximation.":[135],"The":[136],"number":[137],"polygons":[139,166],"render":[142],"comparison":[144],"stimulus":[145],"until":[148],"two":[150],"objects":[151],"indistinguishable.":[153],"Our":[154,222],"results":[155,223],"reported":[157],"maximum":[160],"recommended":[161],"angular":[162],"change":[163],"adjacent":[165,219],"for":[167,230],"rending":[168],"objects.":[170],"It":[171],"found":[173],"that":[174,234],"contact":[178],"location":[179],"significantly":[181,202],"user":[187],"present":[191],"models.":[194],"Use":[195],"algorithms":[198],"able":[200],"reduce":[203],"environment,":[210],"allows":[212],"increase":[214],"angle":[217],"surfaces.":[221],"guideline":[229],"constructing":[231],"polygon":[232],"models":[233],"meant":[236],"feel":[238],"smooth.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}