{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099854777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444614","title":"Exploring the underlying structure of haptic-based handwritten signatures using visual data mining techniques","display_name":"Exploring the underlying structure of haptic-based handwritten signatures using visual data mining techniques","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099854777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444614","mag":"2099854777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptic.2010.5444614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109889197","display_name":"Nizar Sakr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nizar Sakr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed and ColLaboratoryorative Virtual Environments Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environments Research Lab., Univ. of Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and ColLaboratoryorative Virtual Environments Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environments Research Lab., Univ. of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042202161","display_name":"Fawaz A. Alsulaiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawaz A. Alsulaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","[Multimedia Communications Research Lab, University of Ottawa, Canada]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Multimedia Communications Research Lab, University of Ottawa, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019572093","display_name":"Julio J. Vald\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2930-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio J. Valdes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, National Research Council Canada, Canada","National Research Council Canada, Institute for Information Technology, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, National Research Council Canada, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Institute for Information Technology, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109797436","display_name":"Abdulmotaleb El Saddik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmotaleb El Saddik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed and ColLaboratoryorative Virtual Environments Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","[Multimedia Communications Research Lab, University of Ottawa, Canada]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and ColLaboratoryorative Virtual Environments Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Multimedia Communications Research Lab, University of Ottawa, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111720385","display_name":"Nicolas D. Georganas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas D. Georganas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environments Research Lab., Univ. of Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environments Research Lab., Univ. of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78878349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"467","last_page":"474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7120007276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.663561224937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6470262408256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.59135502576828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5474494099617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5395902395248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5392223000526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5382823944091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5187454223632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5149277448654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.4555962085723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4167686104774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4137672185897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3605266511440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.30403825640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.19081661105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1832939088344574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7120007276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.663561224937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6470262408256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.59135502576828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5474494099617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5395902395248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5392223000526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5382823944091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5187454223632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5149277448654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.4555962085723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4167686104774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4137672185897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3605266511440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30403825640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.19081661105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1832939088344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptic.2010.5444614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73922732","https://openalex.org/W1504154695","https://openalex.org/W1542869478","https://openalex.org/W1584687555","https://openalex.org/W1912123407","https://openalex.org/W1972293909","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2108339463","https://openalex.org/W2111920879","https://openalex.org/W2115602630","https://openalex.org/W2134312057","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2151530263","https://openalex.org/W2161762394","https://openalex.org/W2318975129","https://openalex.org/W4244494905","https://openalex.org/W4254721730","https://openalex.org/W6640114639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156716224","https://openalex.org/W2111871955","https://openalex.org/W3175380930","https://openalex.org/W1989694608","https://openalex.org/W2139876914","https://openalex.org/W1986738380","https://openalex.org/W2642061445","https://openalex.org/W4233260495","https://openalex.org/W3094485622","https://openalex.org/W3001080452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,83],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"multidimensional":[3],"and":[4,29,67,97,128,156,184,200],"time-varying":[5],"haptic-based":[6],"handwritten":[7],"signatures":[8],"are":[9,100,131],"analyzed":[10],"within":[11],"a":[12,43],"visual":[13,75,98,116],"data":[14,154],"mining":[15],"paradigm":[16],"while":[17,54],"relying":[18],"on":[19],"unsupervised":[20],"construction":[21,73],"of":[22,38,51,59,74,107,113,141,164,169],"virtual":[23],"reality":[24],"spaces":[25,76,167,174],"using":[26,77,176],"classical":[27,68,177],"optimization":[28,69,178],"genetic":[30,65,189],"programming.":[31],"Specifically,":[32],"the":[33,72,90,95,105,110,114,137,142,149,152,165,170,192,198,201],"suggested":[34],"approaches":[35],"make":[36],"use":[37],"nonlinear":[39,91],"transformations":[40],"to":[41,102,135],"map":[42],"high":[44],"dimensional":[45],"feature":[46],"space":[47,50],"into":[48],"another":[49],"smaller":[52],"dimension":[53],"minimizing":[55],"some":[56],"error":[57],"measure":[58,108],"information":[60],"loss.":[61],"A":[62],"comparison":[63],"between":[64,94,151],"programming":[66],"techniques":[70],"in":[71,89,133,162,180],"large":[78],"haptic":[79,153],"datasets,":[80],"is":[81],"provided.":[82],"addition,":[84],"different":[85,119],"distance":[86],"functions":[87],"(used":[88],"mapping":[92,171,182],"procedure":[93],"original":[96,199],"spaces)":[99],"examined":[101],"explore":[103],"whether":[104],"choice":[106],"affects":[109],"representation":[111],"accuracy":[112],"computed":[115,175],"spaces.":[117,203],"Furthermore,":[118],"classifiers":[120],"(Support":[121],"Vector":[122],"Machines":[123],"(SVM),":[124],"k-nearest":[125],"neighbors":[126],"(k-NN),":[127],"Nai\u00bfve":[129],"Bayes)":[130],"exploited":[132],"order":[134],"evaluate":[136],"potential":[138],"discrimination":[139,186],"power":[140,187],"generated":[143],"attributes.":[144],"The":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"relationships":[150],"objects":[155],"their":[157],"classes":[158],"can":[159],"be":[160],"appreciated":[161],"most":[163],"obtained":[166],"regardless":[168],"error.":[172],"Also,":[173],"resulted":[179],"lower":[181],"errors":[183],"better":[185],"than":[188],"programming,":[190],"but":[191],"later":[193],"provides":[194],"explicit":[195],"equations":[196],"relating":[197],"new":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
