{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993238971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2004.1287194","title":"Judging 2D versus 3D square-wave virtual gratings","display_name":"Judging 2D versus 3D square-wave virtual gratings","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993238971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2004.1287194","mag":"1993238971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptic.2004.1287194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2004.1287194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063968877","display_name":"Patrick Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P.P. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. of Mech. Eng., UC Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Eng., UC Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111499741","display_name":"B.D. Adelstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.D. Adelstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077696000","display_name":"H. Kazerooni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Kazerooni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","UC Berkeley, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Berkeley, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Berkeley, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063968877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77307139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"176","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8244131803512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.623079240322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6179139614105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5852043628692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5850868225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.5577554106712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5039686560630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4924965798854828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.42320775985717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18773531913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10118302702903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09939214587211609}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8244131803512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.623079240322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6179139614105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5852043628692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5850868225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.5577554106712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5039686560630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4924965798854828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42320775985717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18773531913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10118302702903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09939214587211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/haptic.2004.1287194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2004.1287194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142966718","https://openalex.org/W1487180729","https://openalex.org/W1568964267","https://openalex.org/W1856925845","https://openalex.org/W1878249965","https://openalex.org/W2053099831","https://openalex.org/W2057274817","https://openalex.org/W2134093624","https://openalex.org/W2314731117","https://openalex.org/W2334276638","https://openalex.org/W3214466923","https://openalex.org/W4214909171","https://openalex.org/W4214935947","https://openalex.org/W4385326558","https://openalex.org/W6809122834","https://openalex.org/W6809531882","https://openalex.org/W6855799037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156716224","https://openalex.org/W2111871955","https://openalex.org/W3175380930","https://openalex.org/W1989694608","https://openalex.org/W2139876914","https://openalex.org/W1986738380","https://openalex.org/W2642061445","https://openalex.org/W4233260495","https://openalex.org/W2348224808","https://openalex.org/W4309505616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Haptic":[0],"virtual":[1,10],"texture":[2,88],"can":[3],"enhance":[4],"people's":[5],"experience":[6],"in":[7],"interacting":[8],"with":[9,49,74],"objects":[11],"by":[12],"providing":[13],"surface":[14],"information.":[15],"We":[16],"present":[17],"a":[18,32,87,97],"study":[19],"to":[20,59,105],"analyze":[21],"how":[22],"people":[23,56],"distinguish":[24],"between":[25,63],"2D":[26],"and":[27,43,46],"3D":[28],"square-wave":[29],"gratings":[30],"using":[31],"point-source":[33],"haptic":[34,100],"interface.":[35],"Our":[36],"analyses":[37],"were":[38,57],"based":[39],"on":[40],"objective":[41],"vibration":[42],"force":[44],"measurements":[45],"psychophysical":[47],"experiments":[48],"human":[50],"subjects.":[51],"The":[52],"results":[53],"indicated":[54],"that":[55,96],"unable":[58],"detect":[60],"the":[61,64,76,107,116],"difference":[62],"two":[65],"textures":[66,73,114,117],"when":[67],"they":[68],"moved":[69],"their":[70],"hands":[71],"across":[72],"either":[75],"amplitude":[77],"or":[78],"period":[79],"smaller":[80],"than":[81],"1.52":[82],"mm":[83],"(0.06":[84],"inch)":[85],"for":[86,112],"stiffness":[89],"of":[90],"2":[91],"N/mm.":[92],"This":[93],"result":[94],"implies":[95],"simple":[98],"2-degree-of-freedom":[99],"interface":[101],"may":[102],"be":[103],"sufficient":[104],"convey":[106],"same":[108],"3-dimensional":[109],"tactile":[110],"feeling":[111],"certain":[113],"if":[115],"are":[118],"small":[119],"enough.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
