{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013531678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547234","title":"Data crystallization: a project beyond chance discovery for discovering unobservable events","display_name":"Data crystallization: a project beyond chance discovery for discovering unobservable events","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013531678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547234","mag":"2013531678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/grc.2005.1547234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060604714","display_name":"Yukio Ohsawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153327471","display_name":"Bunkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h75930","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153327471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Ohsawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","[Sch. of Eng., Tokyo Univ., Japan]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Eng., Tokyo Univ., Japan]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060604714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153327471","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10264892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"56 Vol. 1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable","display_name":"Unobservable","score":0.9859389066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6722970008850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.6288626790046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6093745827674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5620288252830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4500553607940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.445089727640152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-discovery","display_name":"Business process discovery","score":0.42028868198394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36617419123649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.355633944272995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3433191478252411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3400433361530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2315424382686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.19466441869735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1396622359752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.1323220133781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process","display_name":"Business process","score":0.08331215381622314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.9859389066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6722970008850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.6288626790046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6093745827674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5620288252830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4500553607940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.445089727640152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93453677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017580","display_name":"Business process discovery","level":5,"score":0.42028868198394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36617419123649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.355633944272995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3433191478252411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3400433361530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2315424382686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.19466441869735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1396622359752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.1323220133781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85345410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851587","display_name":"Business process","level":3,"score":0.08331215381622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207505557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374012","display_name":"Business process modeling","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/grc.2005.1547234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564238573","https://openalex.org/W1546383415","https://openalex.org/W1556115810","https://openalex.org/W1638133288","https://openalex.org/W1989324055","https://openalex.org/W2016340943","https://openalex.org/W2113076590","https://openalex.org/W2119157339","https://openalex.org/W2145227912","https://openalex.org/W2250713097","https://openalex.org/W2275706764","https://openalex.org/W2912188055","https://openalex.org/W3125603523","https://openalex.org/W6681723757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614563012","https://openalex.org/W2008534419","https://openalex.org/W993532209","https://openalex.org/W2741602769","https://openalex.org/W2079877197","https://openalex.org/W1578306890","https://openalex.org/W57996428","https://openalex.org/W4384915695","https://openalex.org/W2963803198","https://openalex.org/W2065742713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,40,118,129],"only":[2],"the":[3,7,31,54,79,87,92,95,103,108],"observable":[4],"part":[5],"of":[6,62,89,97,111,123],"real":[8,136],"world":[9,137],"that":[10],"can":[11],"be":[12,114,132],"stored":[13],"in":[14,91,102],"data.":[15],"For":[16,106],"such":[17],"a":[18,43],"scattered,":[19],"i.e.,":[20],"an":[21],"incomplete":[22],"and":[23,66],"ill-structured":[24],"data,":[25],"data":[26,56,80],"crystallizing":[27],"aims":[28],"at":[29],"presenting":[30],"hidden":[32],"structure":[33,112],"among":[34],"events":[35,65,71],"including":[36],"unobservable":[37,51,64],"ones.":[38],"This":[39,126],"realized":[41],"with":[42,69,82,99,120],"tool":[44,117],"which":[45],"insert":[46],"dummy":[47,83],"items,":[48,84],"corresponding":[49],"to":[50,53,78,113,131],"events,":[52],"given":[55],"on":[57],"past":[58],"events.":[59],"The":[60],"existence":[61],"these":[63],"their":[67],"relations":[68],"other":[70],"are":[72],"visualized":[73],"by":[74],"applying":[75],"KeyGraph":[76],"iteratively":[77],"donated":[81],"gradually":[85],"increasing":[86],"number":[88],"edges":[90],"graph,":[93],"like":[94],"crystallization":[96],"snow":[98],"gradual":[100],"decrease":[101],"air":[104],"temperature.":[105],"tuning":[107],"granularity":[109],"level":[110],"visualized,":[115],"this":[116],"integrated":[119],"human's":[121],"process":[122],"chance":[124],"discovery.":[125],"basic":[127],"method":[128],"expected":[130],"applicable":[133],"for":[134],"various":[135],"domains":[138],"where":[139],"chance-discovery":[140],"methods":[141],"have":[142],"been":[143],"applied.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
