{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787768400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269165","title":"On the Capacity of ZF Beamforming in Massive MIMO Systems with Imperfect Reciprocity Calibration","display_name":"On the Capacity of ZF Beamforming in Massive MIMO Systems with Imperfect Reciprocity Calibration","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787768400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269165","mag":"2787768400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100308034","display_name":"Wanzhi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-2350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanzhi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009388","display_name":"Donglin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donglin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414212","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-3747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042465668","display_name":"Wensheng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-1695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensheng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066568753","display_name":"Hongzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-2782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100308034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62102596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8186259269714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7250864505767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6949251294136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5732694864273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.4875456690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.48445773124694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.4714432954788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4661155343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.45227888226509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.411818265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3679961562156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3532589077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.33579951524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2802247703075409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18651476502418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15215274691581726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8186259269714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7250864505767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6949251294136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5732694864273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.4875456690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.48445773124694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.4714432954788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4661155343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.45227888226509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.411818265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3679961562156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3532589077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33579951524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2802247703075409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18651476502418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15215274691581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W2019013468","https://openalex.org/W2029491209","https://openalex.org/W2067046808","https://openalex.org/W2068395281","https://openalex.org/W2116648764","https://openalex.org/W2158057034","https://openalex.org/W2241585832","https://openalex.org/W2334927989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2558549271","https://openalex.org/W1539855486","https://openalex.org/W2164743418","https://openalex.org/W3198080347","https://openalex.org/W1972421050","https://openalex.org/W1561198023","https://openalex.org/W2002714030","https://openalex.org/W2292905693","https://openalex.org/W2955097805","https://openalex.org/W4231582551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,86,89],"key":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8],"the":[9,30,34,43,70,97,118,123,130,136,160,167,189],"next":[10],"generation":[11],"communication":[12],"systems.":[13],"For":[14],"time-division-duplex":[15],"(TDD)":[16],"massive":[17,47,75,103,193],"MIMO":[18,48,76,104],"systems,":[19],"channel":[20,38],"reciprocity":[21,31],"calibration":[22,121,145],"(RC)":[23],"is":[24,94,157],"generally":[25],"needed":[26],"to":[27,67,159,185],"cope":[28],"with":[29,50,78,106,166,176],"mismatch":[32],"between":[33],"uplink":[35],"and":[36,60,110,116,127,164,181,187],"downlink":[37],"state":[39],"information.":[40],"Currently,":[41],"evaluating":[42],"capacity":[44,72,98],"of":[45,73,101,120,125,139,162,169,191],"TDD":[46,74,102],"systems":[49,77,105,194],"imperfect":[51,79,144],"RC":[52],"mainly":[53],"relies":[54],"on":[55,129,197],"exhausting":[56,198],"Monte":[57],"Carlo":[58],"simulation":[59,177],"very":[61],"few":[62],"works":[63],"can":[64,146,182],"be":[65,147,183],"found":[66],"concisely":[68],"characterize":[69],"achievable":[71],"RC.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"study,":[83],"by":[84],"adopting":[85],"SVD":[87],"method,":[88],"low-complexity":[90],"closed-form":[91],"analytical":[92],"expression":[93],"derived":[95],"for":[96],"lower":[99],"bound":[100],"zero-forcing":[107],"(ZF)":[108],"beamforming":[109],"hardware":[111],"dismatch,":[112],"which":[113],"succinctly":[114],"explains":[115],"quantifies":[117],"effect":[119],"error,":[122],"number":[124,161,168],"antennas":[126],"users":[128],"capacity.":[131],"We":[132],"also":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"that":[135],"average":[137],"power":[138,156],"multiuser":[140],"interference":[141],"resulting":[142],"from":[143],"approximated":[148],"as":[149],"additive":[150],"white":[151],"gaussian":[152],"noise":[153],"(AWGN),":[154],"whose":[155],"proportional":[158],"user":[163],"decreases":[165],"antenna.":[170],"The":[171],"proposed":[172],"theoretical":[173],"results":[174,178],"agree":[175],"fairly":[179],"well,":[180],"used":[184],"design":[186],"evaluate":[188],"performance":[190],"practical":[192],"without":[195],"relying":[196],"simulations.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
