{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2545392450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848841","title":"Are mmWave Low-Complexity Beamforming Structures Energy-Efficient? Analysis of the Downlink MU-MIMO","display_name":"Are mmWave Low-Complexity Beamforming Structures Energy-Efficient? Analysis of the Downlink MU-MIMO","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2545392450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848841","mag":"2545392450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013919815","display_name":"Stefano Buzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0046-8968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Buzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI-Universit\u00e0 di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, FR, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI-Universit\u00e0 di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, FR, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030612537","display_name":"Carmen D\u2019Andrea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-4111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen D'Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEI-Universit\u00e0 di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, FR, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEI-Universit\u00e0 di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, FR, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013919815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6539,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.857326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.790341854095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7720585465431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6912171244621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5906442999839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4947804808616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3859761357307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18329477310180664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.790341854095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7720585465431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6912171244621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5906442999839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4947804808616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3859761357307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18329477310180664}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1491490124","https://openalex.org/W1921359321","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1983498864","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2051388965","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2098418255","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2293295048","https://openalex.org/W2327455150","https://openalex.org/W2467224498","https://openalex.org/W2534611171","https://openalex.org/W2564963771","https://openalex.org/W3098476189","https://openalex.org/W3099720307","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W6719675868","https://openalex.org/W6728228572","https://openalex.org/W6731103871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W3040536194","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"cellular":[1,107],"systems":[2],"based":[3,151],"on":[4,20,113,152],"the":[5,11,21,28,32,103,114,120,153],"use":[6,22,61,155],"of":[7,23,39,62,69,92,94,105,123,156],"above-6":[8],"GHz":[9],"frequencies,":[10],"so-called":[12],"millimeter":[13],"wave":[14],"(mmWave)":[15],"bandwidths,":[16],"will":[17],"heavily":[18],"rely":[19],"antenna":[24],"arrays":[25],"both":[26,83],"at":[27,31],"transmitter":[29],"and":[30,47,56,65,78,88,98,126],"receiver,":[33],"possibly":[34],"with":[35],"a":[36,66,80,85,106,139],"large":[37],"number":[38,68],"elements.":[40],"For":[41],"complexity":[42],"reasons,":[43],"fully":[44],"digital":[45],"precoding":[46,97],"postcoding":[48,99],"structures":[49,101,150],"may":[50,137],"turn":[51],"out":[52],"to":[53],"be":[54],"unfeasible,":[55],"thus":[57],"suboptimal":[58,96],"structures,":[59],"making":[60],"simplified":[63],"hardware":[64],"limited":[67],"RF":[70],"chains,":[71],"have":[72],"been":[73],"investigated.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"considers":[77],"makes":[79],"comparative":[81],"assessment,":[82],"from":[84],"spectral":[86],"efficiency":[87,90,142],"energy":[89,121,141],"point":[91],"view,":[93],"several":[95],"beamforming":[100],"for":[102,119],"downlink":[104],"multiuser":[108],"MIMO":[109],"(MU-MIMO)":[110],"system.":[111],"Based":[112],"most":[115],"recently":[116],"available":[117],"data":[118],"consumption":[122],"phase":[124],"shifters":[125],"switches,":[127],"we":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130,149],"there":[131],"are":[132],"cases":[133],"where":[134],"fully-digital":[135],"beamformers":[136],"achieve":[138,158],"larger":[140],"than":[143],"lower-complexity":[144],"solutions,":[145],"as":[146,148],"well":[147],"exclusive":[154],"switches":[157],"quite":[159],"unsatisfactory":[160],"performance":[161],"in":[162],"realistic":[163],"scenarios.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}