{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2292439228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414054","title":"How Accurate Calibration Is Needed in Massive MIMO?","display_name":"How Accurate Calibration Is Needed in Massive MIMO?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2292439228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414054","mag":"2292439228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038510002","display_name":"Xiliang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-6789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiliang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038510002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80061207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.630133867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.617749810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6130302548408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2290157973766327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12794315814971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10245877504348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.0776384174823761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.630133867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.617749810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6130302548408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2290157973766327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12794315814971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10245877504348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0776384174823761}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2015.7414054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589467101","https://openalex.org/W1974552031","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2057307545","https://openalex.org/W2070435992","https://openalex.org/W2086214525","https://openalex.org/W2094235324","https://openalex.org/W2112323603","https://openalex.org/W2114945762","https://openalex.org/W2116648764","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129587580","https://openalex.org/W2138321394","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2158057034","https://openalex.org/W2168492199","https://openalex.org/W2329785858","https://openalex.org/W3103793889","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W6677178498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"in":[4,29,64,89],"time-division":[5],"duplexing":[6],"(TDD)":[7],"systems":[8],"relies":[9],"on":[10],"the":[11,16,24,31,43,48,65,84,90,100,109,117,134],"channel":[12,19,51],"reciprocity":[13],"to":[14,59,107,132],"obtain":[15],"downlink":[17],"(DL)":[18],"state":[20],"information":[21],"(CSI)":[22],"with":[23,123],"uplink":[25],"(UL)":[26],"CSI.":[27],"But":[28],"practice,":[30],"transmit":[32],"branch":[33],"is":[34,56],"composed":[35],"of":[36,67,92,119,136],"different":[37,104],"radio":[38],"frequency":[39],"(RF)":[40],"circuits":[41],"from":[42],"receive":[44],"branch,":[45],"which":[46],"breaks":[47],"end-to-end":[49],"DL/UL":[50],"reciprocity.":[52,62],"Antenna":[53],"array":[54,95],"calibration":[55,101],"thus":[57],"necessary":[58],"restore":[60],"this":[61,79],"However,":[63],"context":[66],"massive":[68,138],"MIMO,":[69],"most":[70],"existing":[71],"results":[72,122],"are":[73],"obtained":[74],"assuming":[75],"ideal":[76],"calibration.":[77,96],"In":[78],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,98,115],"first":[82],"analyze":[83],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[85],"ratio":[86],"(SINR)":[87],"performance":[88,110],"case":[91],"nonideal":[93],"antenna":[94],"Then":[97],"derive":[99],"requirements":[102],"for":[103],"beamforming":[105],"schemes":[106],"limit":[108],"degradation":[111],"within":[112],"3dB.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"verify":[116],"accuracy":[118],"our":[120],"analytical":[121],"various":[124],"numerical":[125],"simulations.":[126],"This":[127],"work":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130],"utilized":[131],"guide":[133],"designs":[135],"TDD":[137],"MIMO":[139],"communication":[140],"systems.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}