{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015295609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6825134","title":"Block-based PAM with frequency domain equalization in visible light communications","display_name":"Block-based PAM with frequency domain equalization in visible light communications","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015295609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6825134","mag":"2015295609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2013.6825134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6825134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104051448","display_name":"Liane Grobe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liane Grobe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111926394","display_name":"Klaus-Dieter Langer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus-Dieter Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104051448"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88143654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1070","last_page":"1075"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.7887475490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6684018969535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.5501636862754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5384454727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5273491144180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5246689319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5237919092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.514863133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5077875256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.500901460647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4642553925514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4468812942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.43326547741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3575690686702728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3459523916244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2472563087940216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19207552075386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.17843157052993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13990694284439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.1367848515510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11983191967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.09031787514686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.08708202838897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.7887475490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6684018969535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.5501636862754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5384454727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5273491144180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5246689319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5237919092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.514863133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5077875256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.500901460647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4642553925514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4468812942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.43326547741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3575690686702728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3459523916244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2472563087940216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19207552075386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.17843157052993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13990694284439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.1367848515510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11983191967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.09031787514686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.08708202838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2013.6825134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6825134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/383483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/383483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481980224","https://openalex.org/W1586498149","https://openalex.org/W1966143354","https://openalex.org/W1987087716","https://openalex.org/W2010005116","https://openalex.org/W2055402250","https://openalex.org/W2071387714","https://openalex.org/W2111064254","https://openalex.org/W2114080080","https://openalex.org/W2120537910","https://openalex.org/W2128919294","https://openalex.org/W2136732563","https://openalex.org/W2139642610","https://openalex.org/W2149670030","https://openalex.org/W2157937741","https://openalex.org/W2267559661","https://openalex.org/W4302339339","https://openalex.org/W6652807642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2551603730","https://openalex.org/W2109209689","https://openalex.org/W2146965464","https://openalex.org/W2365007576","https://openalex.org/W2208679671","https://openalex.org/W1987548326","https://openalex.org/W2596329565","https://openalex.org/W2185486561","https://openalex.org/W1974492695","https://openalex.org/W1916663633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"analyze":[4],"block-based":[5,172],"pulse":[6],"amplitude":[7],"modulation":[8,118,158],"with":[9,38,137],"frequency":[10,32,63],"domain":[11],"equalization":[12],"(block-based":[13],"PAM-FDE)":[14],"for":[15,85],"visible":[16],"light":[17],"communications":[18],"(VLC)":[19],"in":[20,106,133],"realistic":[21],"application":[22],"scenarios.":[23],"Typical":[24],"effects":[25],"of":[26,34,64,98,147,151],"the":[27,35,39,96,99,117,124,143,148,153,157,162],"VLC-channel,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"different":[31],"responses":[33],"LED":[36,50],"together":[37],"wireless":[40],"optical":[41],"propagation":[42,102],"channel":[43],"are":[44,69,92],"included.":[45],"We":[46,94,130],"consider":[47,79],"a":[48,57,73,112,134],"measured":[49],"response":[51],"from":[52],"our":[53],"experimental":[54],"system":[55,114],"reaching":[56],"noticeable":[58],"extended":[59],"3":[60],"dB":[61],"cutoff":[62],"60":[65,74],"MHz.":[66],"Further":[67],"simulations":[68],"then":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72,142],"MHz":[75],"low-pass":[76],"approximation.":[77],"To":[78],"multipath":[80],"propagation,":[81],"two":[82],"common":[83],"models":[84],"diffuse":[86],"and":[87,101,104,145,156,167],"non-directed":[88],"line-of-sight":[89],"(LOS)":[90],"conditions":[91],"used.":[93],"illustrate":[95],"influence":[97],"transmitter":[100],"characteristics":[103],"observe":[105],"general":[107],"significant":[108],"gains":[109],"by":[110],"using":[111,171],"higher":[113],"bandwidth":[115],"while":[116],"order":[119],"is":[120,127],"increased":[121],"only":[122],"if":[123],"received":[125],"power":[126],"very":[128],"high.":[129],"show":[131],"that":[132],"mobile":[135],"scenario":[136],"variable":[138],"receiving":[139],"power,":[140],"depending":[141],"availability":[144],"strength":[146],"LOS-path,":[149],"optimization":[150],"both":[152],"symbol":[154],"rate":[155],"format":[159],"will":[160],"be":[161],"key":[163],"parameters":[164],"enabling":[165],"efficient":[166],"reliable":[168],"highspeed":[169],"transmission":[170],"PAM-FDE.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}