{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978308495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6824972","title":"Air interface design and ray tracing study for 5G millimeter wave communications","display_name":"Air interface design and ray tracing study for 5G millimeter wave communications","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978308495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6824972","mag":"1978308495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2013.6824972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6824972","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066910786","display_name":"Stephen G. Larew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63162264","display_name":"Nokia (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ewd15","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen G. Larew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044163630","display_name":"Timothy A. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1357-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63162264","display_name":"Nokia (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ewd15","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I63162264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078794201","display_name":"Mark Cudak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63162264","display_name":"Nokia (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ewd15","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Cudak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055239311","display_name":"Amitava Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-0236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63162264","display_name":"Nokia (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ewd15","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amitava Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, Arlington Heights, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, 1441 W. Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63162264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066910786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63162264","https://openalex.org/I72090969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98911214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.7121979594230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6961950063705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6711007952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6694369912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5838136076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5476911067962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4698680341243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-interface","display_name":"Air interface","score":0.46863436698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4672795534133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44046199321746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcell","display_name":"Microcell","score":0.4392387270927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-multipoint-distribution-service","display_name":"Local Multipoint Distribution Service","score":0.4176045060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4170437753200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3415642976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17554345726966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12939807772636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09926801919937134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.7121979594230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6961950063705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6711007952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6694369912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5838136076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5476911067962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4698680341243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455112","display_name":"Air interface","level":3,"score":0.46863436698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4672795534133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44046199321746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158314712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1177092","display_name":"Microcell","level":2,"score":0.4392387270927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49533043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268380","display_name":"Local Multipoint Distribution Service","level":3,"score":0.4176045060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4170437753200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3415642976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17554345726966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12939807772636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09926801919937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2013.6824972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2013.6824972","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1841345013","https://openalex.org/W1963917504","https://openalex.org/W1964525612","https://openalex.org/W1973915058","https://openalex.org/W1999162236","https://openalex.org/W2045089915","https://openalex.org/W2047024541","https://openalex.org/W2057605239","https://openalex.org/W2074692429","https://openalex.org/W2087919239","https://openalex.org/W2120773774","https://openalex.org/W2132594219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967535645","https://openalex.org/W4205703214","https://openalex.org/W1554365154","https://openalex.org/W2214970914","https://openalex.org/W1503832649","https://openalex.org/W3143859274","https://openalex.org/W2294760297","https://openalex.org/W1865176687","https://openalex.org/W1904197576","https://openalex.org/W2886037301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"meet":[1],"the":[2,8,55,62,72,83,113,139,152],"explosive":[3],"growth":[4],"in":[5,42,173],"traffic":[6],"during":[7],"next":[9,122],"twenty":[10],"years,":[11],"5G":[12],"systems":[13,23],"using":[14],"local":[15,125],"area":[16,126],"networks":[17],"need":[18],"to":[19,47,89,112],"be":[20],"developed.":[21],"These":[22],"will":[24,30,50],"comprise":[25],"of":[26,37,58,69,74,159,175],"small":[27],"cells":[28],"and":[29,66],"use":[31,36,73],"extreme":[32,56],"cell":[33,170],"densification.":[34],"The":[35],"millimeter":[38],"wave":[39],"(Mmwave)":[40],"frequencies,":[41],"particular":[43],"from":[44],"20":[45],"GHz":[46],"90":[48],"GHz,":[49],"revolutionize":[51],"wireless":[52,127],"communications":[53],"given":[54],"amount":[57],"available":[59],"bandwidth.":[60],"However,":[61],"different":[63],"propagation":[64,106],"conditions":[65],"hardware":[67],"constraints":[68],"Mmwave":[70,87,116,143,166],"(e.g.,":[71],"RF":[75],"beamforming":[76],"with":[77,104,151,168],"very":[78,119],"large":[79],"arrays)":[80],"require":[81],"reconsidering":[82],"modulation":[84],"methods":[85],"for":[86,121,142],"compared":[88],"those":[90],"used":[91],"below":[92],"6":[93],"GHz.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"paper":[97],"we":[98,131],"present":[99],"ray-tracing":[100],"results,":[101],"which,":[102],"along":[103,167],"recent":[105],"measurements":[107],"at":[108,165],"Mmwave,":[109],"all":[110],"point":[111,155],"fact":[114],"that":[115,150],"frequencies":[117],"are":[118,163],"appropriate":[120],"generation,":[123],"5G,":[124],"communication":[128],"systems.":[129],"Next,":[130],"propose":[132],"null":[133],"cyclic":[134],"prefix":[135],"single":[136],"carrier":[137],"as":[138],"best":[140],"candidate":[141],"communications.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"systemlevel":[146],"simulation":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"right":[153],"access":[154],"deployment":[156],"peak":[157],"rates":[158],"over":[160],"15":[161],"Gbps":[162],"possible":[164],"a":[169],"edge":[171],"experience":[172],"excess":[174],"400":[176],"Mbps.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
