{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999507049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162566","title":"Experimental characterization of traffic light to vehicle VLC link performance","display_name":"Experimental characterization of traffic light to vehicle VLC link performance","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999507049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162566","mag":"1999507049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064520464","display_name":"Kaiyun Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389329","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-1359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072373301","display_name":"Zhengyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-8875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079264216","display_name":"Richard D. Roberts","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard D. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTEL, Research Laboratory, Hillsboro, OR, USA","Intel Labs,Hillsboro,Oregon,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTEL, Research Laboratory, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs,Hillsboro,Oregon,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53666001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"808","last_page":"812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.8443781733512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6202263236045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5802189707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5349256992340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megabit","display_name":"Megabit","score":0.42519333958625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3751181364059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3533216416835785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3481774926185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33233433961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32894253730773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26949530839920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.20786011219024658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.8443781733512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6202263236045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5802189707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5349256992340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185177783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3332814","display_name":"Megabit","level":2,"score":0.42519333958625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3751181364059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3533216416835785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3481774926185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33233433961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32894253730773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26949530839920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.20786011219024658}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W355167676","https://openalex.org/W1542486831","https://openalex.org/W1547124038","https://openalex.org/W1592336420","https://openalex.org/W1825980438","https://openalex.org/W2022268343","https://openalex.org/W2042770155","https://openalex.org/W2094233690","https://openalex.org/W2099216221","https://openalex.org/W2124891231","https://openalex.org/W2143291587","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2166450683","https://openalex.org/W2168481080","https://openalex.org/W2169253412","https://openalex.org/W2810908054","https://openalex.org/W3021705304","https://openalex.org/W4298898028","https://openalex.org/W6632319835","https://openalex.org/W6661124128","https://openalex.org/W6674227410","https://openalex.org/W6729294337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3081944688","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W2395898055","https://openalex.org/W2047767166","https://openalex.org/W2899759720","https://openalex.org/W2067935913","https://openalex.org/W2502435347","https://openalex.org/W4309910562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"unobstructed":[1],"line-of-sight":[2],"(LOS)":[3],"channel":[4],"has":[5],"to":[6,14],"be":[7,131],"guaranteed":[8],"for":[9,87],"the":[10,48,93,104,108,115,145],"outdoor":[11,29],"traffic":[12,70,90],"light":[13,17,61,71],"vehicle":[15],"visible":[16],"communication":[18,110],"system.":[19],"The":[20,63],"performance":[21,112],"of":[22,66,84,127,136,143],"such":[23],"LOS":[24,49,95],"link":[25,40,50],"in":[26,47],"an":[27],"empirical":[28],"environment":[30],"hasn't":[31],"been":[32],"characterized":[33],"experimentally.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"a":[38,81,124,134,140],"thorough":[39],"characterization":[41,117],"is":[42,51,76,99,118],"carried":[43],"out.":[44],"Possible":[45],"interference":[46],"first":[52],"characterized,":[53],"including":[54],"both":[55],"background":[56],"solar":[57],"radiation":[58],"and":[59,101],"artificial":[60],"sources.":[62],"frequency":[64],"response":[65],"commercial-off-the-shelf":[67],"(COTS)":[68],"LED":[69,89],"lamps":[72],"as":[73],"transmitter":[74],"devices":[75],"then":[77],"investigated,":[78],"which":[79],"reveals":[80],"modulation":[82],"bandwidth":[83],"3~5":[85],"MHz":[86],"common":[88],"lights.":[91],"Also":[92],"theoretical":[94],"path":[96],"loss":[97],"model":[98],"proposed":[100],"validated":[102],"by":[103],"measurement":[105],"results.":[106],"Lastly,":[107],"practical":[109],"system":[111],"based":[113],"on":[114],"above":[116],"evaluated,":[119],"with":[120,139],"results":[121],"shown":[122],"that":[123],"data":[125],"rate":[126],"1":[128],"Mbit/s":[129],"could":[130],"achieved":[132],"at":[133],"distance":[135],"75":[137],"m":[138],"raw":[141],"BER":[142],"10-2in":[144],"electronics":[146],"noise":[147],"limited":[148],"case.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
