{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916393049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647807","title":"Energy Efficient Hybrid Precoding in Heterogeneous Networks with Limited Wireless Backhaul Capacity","display_name":"Energy Efficient Hybrid Precoding in Heterogeneous Networks with Limited Wireless Backhaul Capacity","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916393049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647807","mag":"2916393049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2018.8647807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051251573","display_name":"Zheng Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036919829","display_name":"Wanming Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-3447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanming Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011900098","display_name":"Fuhui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020857798","display_name":"De Mi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086926899","display_name":"Zhengyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051251573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60490285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6692119836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.6661853194236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6399163007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.620552659034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.5475755929946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access","score":0.5464819669723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgradient-method","display_name":"Subgradient method","score":0.5403061509132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-programming","display_name":"Fractional programming","score":0.5341500043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4650477170944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.46052393317222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.44407594203948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.43236881494522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.42515838146209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4224837124347687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4159410297870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.3965144455432892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.390653133392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.3673248291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.2578273415565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24302050471305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18691486120224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16084611415863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16023945808410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.1407390832901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1359533965587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.1253584921360016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6692119836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.6661853194236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6399163007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.620552659034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.5475755929946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697649","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access","level":4,"score":0.5464819669723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158968445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631150","display_name":"Subgradient method","level":2,"score":0.5403061509132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169069869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477546","display_name":"Fractional programming","level":4,"score":0.5341500043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4650477170944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.46052393317222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.44407594203948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.43236881494522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.42515838146209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4224837124347687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4159410297870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.3965144455432892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.390653133392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3673248291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.2578273415565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24302050471305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18691486120224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16084611415863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16023945808410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.1407390832901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1359533965587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.1253584921360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2018.8647807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11138912560002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:849745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849745/1/Energy%20Efficient%20Hybrid%20Precoding%20in%20Heterogeneous%20Networks%20with%20Limited%20Wireless%20Backhaul%20Capacity.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1923185876","https://openalex.org/W1926244710","https://openalex.org/W1951602908","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1967956032","https://openalex.org/W2091502075","https://openalex.org/W2109159967","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2161272050","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2234862916","https://openalex.org/W2321959027","https://openalex.org/W2375617955","https://openalex.org/W2523433278","https://openalex.org/W2610070789","https://openalex.org/W2749986741","https://openalex.org/W2758078545","https://openalex.org/W2773515224","https://openalex.org/W2773612525","https://openalex.org/W3099803135","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359120930","https://openalex.org/W2037613239","https://openalex.org/W2781777036","https://openalex.org/W2390469630","https://openalex.org/W2059050877","https://openalex.org/W1971290991","https://openalex.org/W2036020963","https://openalex.org/W2120346831","https://openalex.org/W2594608070","https://openalex.org/W1975124711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"a":[3,102,115,142],"two-tier":[4],"heterogeneous":[5],"networks":[6],"(HetNets),":[7],"where":[8],"millimeter":[9],"wave":[10],"(mmWave)":[11],"frequency":[12,29],"is":[13,41,53,133,149,165],"employed":[14],"at":[15],"the":[16,22,45,56,61,80,87,111,130,153,158,161],"macro":[17],"base":[18],"station":[19],"(MBS),":[20],"and":[21,48,68,125],"small":[23],"cell":[24],"BSs":[25],"(SBSs)":[26],"consider":[27],"orthogonal":[28],"division":[30],"multiple":[31],"access":[32],"(OFDMA).":[33],"Subarray":[34],"structure":[35],"based":[36],"hybrid":[37],"analog/digital":[38],"precoding":[39],"scheme":[40],"studied":[42],"to":[43,54,77,96,135,151,171],"reduce":[44],"hardware":[46],"cost":[47],"energy":[49,57],"consumption.":[50],"Our":[51],"goal":[52],"maximize":[55],"efficiency":[58],"(EE)":[59],"of":[60,72,79,117,160],"HetNets":[62],"with":[63],"limited":[64],"wireless":[65],"backhaul":[66],"capacity":[67],"all":[69],"users'":[70],"quality":[71],"service":[73],"(QoS)":[74],"constraints.":[75],"Due":[76],"nonconvexity":[78],"mixed":[81],"integer":[82,123],"nonlinear":[83],"fraction":[84],"programming":[85,119],"(MINLFP),":[86],"formulated":[88],"problem":[89,113,140],"cannot":[90],"be":[91],"solved":[92],"directly.":[93],"In":[94,128],"order":[95],"circumvent":[97],"this":[98,137],"issue,":[99],"we":[100,109],"propose":[101],"two-loop":[103],"iterative":[104,163],"resource":[105],"allocation":[106],"algorithm.":[107],"Specifically,":[108],"reformulate":[110],"outer-loop":[112],"into":[114,141],"difference":[116],"convex":[118,143],"(DCP)":[120],"by":[121],"employing":[122],"relaxation":[124],"Dinkelback":[126],"method.":[127],"addition,":[129],"first-order":[131],"approximation":[132],"adopted":[134],"linearize":[136],"inner-loop":[138],"DCP":[139],"optimization":[144],"framework.":[145],"Lagrange":[146],"dual":[147],"method":[148],"adapted":[150],"achieve":[152],"optimal":[154],"power":[155],"allocation.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"convergence":[159],"proposed":[162,174],"algorithm":[164],"analyzed.":[166],"Numerical":[167],"results":[168],"are":[169],"presented":[170],"demonstrate":[172],"our":[173],"algorithms.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}