{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916067097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647360","title":"Propagation Characteristics of Air-to-Air Channels in Urban Environments","display_name":"Propagation Characteristics of Air-to-Air Channels in Urban Environments","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916067097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647360","mag":"2916067097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2018.8647360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056203499","display_name":"Lai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-7753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101593078","display_name":"Zhi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-3429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103806758","display_name":"Guangyue Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059270582","display_name":"Shidong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-0067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shidong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779393","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-9592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056203499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9468542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.8624598979949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.6997020840644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.6130784153938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.587907075881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5512920618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.5263577699661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5244607925415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4469373822212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.4313224256038666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39654046297073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.3510196805000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.34821733832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31137678027153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30154120922088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18288767337799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1308644413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11882591247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11834549903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10656476020812988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8624598979949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.6997020840644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.6130784153938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.587907075881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5512920618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.5263577699661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5244607925415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4469373822212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.4313224256038666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39654046297073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.3510196805000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.34821733832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31137678027153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30154120922088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18288767337799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1308644413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11882591247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11834549903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10656476020812988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2018.8647360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1904101742","https://openalex.org/W1988456768","https://openalex.org/W2073252511","https://openalex.org/W2110784079","https://openalex.org/W2167156358","https://openalex.org/W2206930994","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2407187947","https://openalex.org/W2558339943","https://openalex.org/W2621151963","https://openalex.org/W2730152401","https://openalex.org/W2802614201","https://openalex.org/W2964101676","https://openalex.org/W4237055819","https://openalex.org/W6639841753","https://openalex.org/W6730540804","https://openalex.org/W6751223542","https://openalex.org/W6751414949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904317194","https://openalex.org/W2089228376","https://openalex.org/W4213267843","https://openalex.org/W2063633615","https://openalex.org/W2031121267","https://openalex.org/W1980528650","https://openalex.org/W2168519368","https://openalex.org/W3102213005","https://openalex.org/W2036854414","https://openalex.org/W3142945652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,26,68,116],"study":[4],"the":[5,19,28,36,46,61,78,98,107,134],"propagation":[6,121],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,30,82,91,100,109],"air-to-air":[9],"(A2A)":[10],"channels":[11],"in":[12,133],"a":[13,89],"virtual":[14],"urban":[15],"scenario":[16],"generated":[17],"with":[18,60,97],"ITU-R":[20,135],"model.":[21,136],"Based":[22],"on":[23],"ray-tracing":[24],"simulations,":[25],"explore":[27],"behavior":[29],"large-":[31],"scale":[32],"fading":[33,48,56],"when":[34],"taking":[35],"environmental":[37],"setup":[38],"into":[39],"consideration.":[40],"Our":[41],"analytical":[42],"results":[43],"show":[44],"that":[45],"large-scale":[47],"statistics,":[49],"e.g.,":[50],"pathloss":[51],"exponent":[52],"(PLE)":[53],"and":[54,64,80,94],"shadow":[55],"variance,":[57],"are":[58],"associated":[59],"receiver":[62,92],"height":[63,93],"elevation":[65,95],"angle.":[66],"Furthermore,":[67],"derive":[69],"an":[70,119],"approximate":[71],"expression":[72,85],"for":[73],"line-of-sight":[74],"probability":[75],"according":[76],"to":[77,130],"deployment":[79],"distribution":[81],"buildings.":[83],"The":[84],"is":[86],"characterized":[87],"as":[88],"function":[90],"angle":[96],"condition":[99],"high":[101],"transmitter":[102],"height.":[103],"To":[104],"efficiently":[105],"evaluate":[106],"performance":[108],"unmanned":[110],"aerial":[111],"vehicle":[112],"(UAV)":[113],"communication":[114],"systems,":[115],"then":[117],"propose":[118],"empirical":[120],"channel":[122],"prediction":[123],"model,":[124],"which":[125],"can":[126],"be":[127],"easily":[128],"extended":[129],"different":[131],"scenarios":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}