{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2583259656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842394","title":"You Cannot Sense My PINs: A Side-Channel Attack Deterrent Solution Based on Haptic Feedback on Touch-Enabled Devices","display_name":"You Cannot Sense My PINs: A Side-Channel Attack Deterrent Solution Based on Haptic Feedback on Touch-Enabled Devices","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2583259656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842394","mag":"2583259656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2016.7842394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033261643","display_name":"Caijin Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caijin Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EIE Heyuan Polytechnic Heyuan, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EIE Heyuan Polytechnic Heyuan, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007411047","display_name":"Xiali Hei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-5430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126548940","display_name":"Delaware State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03g35dg18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126548940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiali Hei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of CIS Delaware State University Dover, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CIS Delaware State University Dover, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126548940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024211866","display_name":"Kam Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126548940","display_name":"Delaware State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03g35dg18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126548940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kam Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of CIS Delaware State University Dover, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CIS Delaware State University Dover, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126548940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065961629","display_name":"Michael Peays","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126548940","display_name":"Delaware State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03g35dg18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126548940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Peays","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of CIS Delaware State University Dover, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CIS Delaware State University Dover, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126548940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE University of Idaho Moscow, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE University of Idaho Moscow, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8234265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.9153307676315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keypad","display_name":"Keypad","score":0.809982419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.651355504989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5920648574829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop","display_name":"Laptop","score":0.5917308330535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5769758820533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.5707456469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5569138526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desk","display_name":"Desk","score":0.503529965877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","score":0.4374507963657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.41379034519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33769524097442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32082611322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23994210362434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2263222634792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1479722559452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.1378788948059082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.9153307676315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009740","display_name":"Keypad","level":2,"score":0.809982419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651355504989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5920648574829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.5917308330535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5769758820533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.5707456469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5569138526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.503529965877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143141573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450971","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4374507963657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41379034519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33769524097442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32082611322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23994210362434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2263222634792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1479722559452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.1378788948059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2016.7842394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18405265","https://openalex.org/W1538973830","https://openalex.org/W1978247574","https://openalex.org/W1981157808","https://openalex.org/W1982270377","https://openalex.org/W1984963350","https://openalex.org/W1993205114","https://openalex.org/W2003568760","https://openalex.org/W2004333922","https://openalex.org/W2007382769","https://openalex.org/W2036540135","https://openalex.org/W2038093357","https://openalex.org/W2071131570","https://openalex.org/W2078285251","https://openalex.org/W2094908318","https://openalex.org/W2124885613","https://openalex.org/W2125657191","https://openalex.org/W2151027695","https://openalex.org/W2154960361","https://openalex.org/W2158705880","https://openalex.org/W2162003954","https://openalex.org/W2171392757","https://openalex.org/W2220702836","https://openalex.org/W2345317019","https://openalex.org/W2541907594","https://openalex.org/W4235340546","https://openalex.org/W6632333278","https://openalex.org/W6683857513","https://openalex.org/W6688758299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246488341","https://openalex.org/W2538700141","https://openalex.org/W6944106","https://openalex.org/W2077623966","https://openalex.org/W1985000680","https://openalex.org/W4240903701","https://openalex.org/W2033703371","https://openalex.org/W864128421","https://openalex.org/W2070318747","https://openalex.org/W2050409435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,229],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,121,198,254,274,280],"novel":[6],"and":[7,20,42,63,68,95,108,180,204,221],"secure":[8],"solution":[9,164],"to":[10,14,81,104,155,169,177,218,224,233,261,285,295,305],"mitigate":[11,249,269],"side-channel":[12],"attacks":[13,53],"capture":[15],"the":[16,55,88,93,96,113,118,124,130,135,137,144,158,166,171,175,178,184,187,226,235,250,270,290,302],"PINs":[17,258,278],"like":[18],"touchID":[19],"other":[21],"credentials":[22],"of":[23,57,87,120,174,183,189,237,252,272],"touch-enabled":[24],"devices.":[25],"Our":[26,162,241,265],"approach":[27,247,266],"can":[28,139,192,248,268],"protect":[29],"haptic":[30,83,89,167,190],"feedback":[31,90,168,191],"enabled":[32],"devices":[33,71],"from":[34],"potential":[35],"direct":[36,201],"observation":[37,202],"techniques":[38,45,203,207],"such":[39,47,197],"as":[40,48,77],"cameras":[41],"motion":[43],"sense":[44,234],"including":[46],"accelerometers":[49],"in":[50,60,134,196],"smart-watch.":[51],"Both":[52],"use":[54,230],"concept":[56],"shoulder":[58],"surfing":[59],"social":[61],"engineering":[62],"were":[64],"published":[65],"recently":[66],"(CCS'14":[67],"CCS'15).":[69],"Hand-held":[70],"universally":[72],"employ":[73],"small":[74],"vibration":[75,125,138,159,236],"motors":[76],"an":[78,153,212],"inexpensive":[79],"way":[80,199],"provide":[82],"feedback.":[84],"The":[85],"strength":[86],"depends":[91],"on":[92,117,214],"brand":[94],"device":[97,114,131],"manufacturer.":[98],"They":[99],"are":[100],"usually":[101,148],"strong":[102],"enough":[103],"produce":[105],"sliding":[106],"movement":[107],"make":[109],"audible":[110],"noises":[111],"if":[112],"is":[115,132,147],"resting":[116],"top":[119],"desk":[122],"when":[123,129,157],"motor":[126,160],"turns.":[127,161],"However,":[128],"held":[133],"hand":[136,300],"only":[140],"be":[141,193],"sensed":[142],"by":[143],"holder;":[145],"it":[146,220],"impossible":[149],"or":[150,256,276,298],"uncertain":[151],"for":[152],"observer":[154],"know":[156],"proposed":[163],"uses":[165],"inform":[170],"internal":[172,303],"state":[173],"keypad":[176],"user":[179,291],"takes":[181],"advantage":[182],"fact":[185],"that":[186,200,245],"effect":[188],"easily":[194],"cloaked":[195],"indirect":[205],"sensing":[206,253],"will":[208],"fail.":[209],"We":[210],"develop":[211],"application":[213],"Android":[215,238],"cell":[216,239],"phones":[217],"demonstrate":[219],"invite":[222],"users":[223],"test":[225],"code.":[227],"Moreover,":[228],"real":[231],"smart-watch":[232,260],"phones.":[240],"experimental":[242],"results":[243],"show":[244],"our":[246],"probability":[251,271],"4-digit":[255,275],"6-digit":[257,277],"using":[259,279],"below":[262,286],"practical":[263,287],"value.":[264],"also":[267],"recognizing":[273],"camera":[281],"within":[282],"1":[283],"meter":[284],"value":[288],"because":[289],"does":[292],"not":[293],"need":[294],"move":[296],"his":[297],"her":[299],"during":[301],"states":[304],"input":[306],"different":[307],"PINs.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}