{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2539287231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842377","title":"Virtual Spatial Modulation for MIMO Systems","display_name":"Virtual Spatial Modulation for MIMO Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2539287231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842377","mag":"2539287231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2016.7842377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101577679","display_name":"Xudong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-9565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNlist), Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNlist), Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107846519","display_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNlist), Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNlist), Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341380","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-5807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Institute for Digital Communications, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Institute for Digital Communications, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101577679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59461341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6427012085914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5951932072639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5801060795783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5663752555847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5613491535186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5355308651924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5301998853683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5093644857406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.43606826663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3767912983894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.34717628359794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3123042583465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20021754503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14123433828353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09284916520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08324140310287476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6427012085914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5951932072639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5801060795783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5663752555847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5613491535186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5355308651924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5301998853683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5093644857406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.43606826663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3767912983894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.34717628359794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3123042583465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20021754503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14123433828353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09284916520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08324140310287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2016.7842377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:401498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"mag:2752081301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201702238771378694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1192082625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K008757/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620415470","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W2001746987","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2059955057","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2125669974","https://openalex.org/W2126734312","https://openalex.org/W2144986920","https://openalex.org/W2148754652","https://openalex.org/W2150017129","https://openalex.org/W2157961036","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2500162092","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3128611524","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793383610","https://openalex.org/W4280499399","https://openalex.org/W4200317983","https://openalex.org/W3158061244","https://openalex.org/W3169811957","https://openalex.org/W3036768591","https://openalex.org/W2188880736","https://openalex.org/W2968082858","https://openalex.org/W3092049479","https://openalex.org/W4288261901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compared":[0],"with":[1,39,84,142,194,218],"the":[2,28,31,34,40,59,65,76,100,131,133,136,143,149,168,174,200,213,219],"conventional":[3,220],"amplitude":[4],"phase":[5,88,111],"modulation":[6,9,71],"(APM),":[7],"spatial":[8,70,179],"(SM)":[10],"is":[11,73,159,184,203],"a":[12,122,152,162,188],"low-":[13],"complexity,":[14],"yet":[15],"energy-efficient":[16],"transmission":[17],"technique,":[18],"whereby":[19],"transmit":[20,124,215],"antenna":[21,125],"(TA)":[22],"indices":[23],"are":[24],"utilized":[25],"to":[26,47,121,166,186,191,205],"convey":[27,130],"information.":[29],"However,":[30],"number":[32,41,60,134,144],"of":[33,42,61,102,115,135,145,151],"required":[35,137],"TAs":[36,62,83,108,138],"grows":[37],"exponentially":[38],"transmitted":[43,146],"bits,":[44],"which":[45,128],"leads":[46],"unacceptable":[48],"pilot":[49],"overhead":[50],"for":[51],"channel":[52,93,104,119,176],"estimation":[53],"in":[54,75],"practical":[55],"systems.":[56],"To":[57],"reduce":[58],"whereas":[63],"keep":[64],"data":[66],"rate":[67,210,216],"unchanged,":[68],"virtual":[69,123],"(VSM)":[72],"proposed":[74,185,201],"first":[77],"time.":[78],"Specifically,":[79],"by":[80],"activating":[81],"multiple":[82],"their":[85,110],"corresponding":[86],"analog":[87],"shifters":[89],"(APSs),":[90],"massive":[91],"equivalent":[92,118,175],"vectors":[94,105],"could":[95,139],"be":[96],"constructed":[97],"based":[98],"on":[99],"combinations":[101],"original":[103],"from":[106,155],"different":[107],"and":[109,222],"rotations.":[112],"By":[113],"way":[114],"mapping":[116],"each":[117],"vector":[120],"(VTA)":[126],"index":[127],"might":[129],"information,":[132],"grow":[140],"linearly":[141],"bits.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"selection":[150],"VTA":[153],"subset":[154],"all":[156],"available":[157],"VTAs":[158],"formulated":[160],"as":[161],"combinatorial":[163],"optimization":[164],"problem":[165,193],"maximize":[167],"minimal":[169],"Euclidean":[170],"distance":[171],"(ED)":[172],"among":[173],"vectors.":[177],"A":[178],"constellation":[180],"optimizing":[181],"(SCO)":[182],"algorithm":[183],"obtain":[187],"near-optimal":[189],"solution":[190],"this":[192],"low-complexity.":[195],"Simulation":[196],"results":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"that":[199],"VSM":[202],"able":[204],"achieve":[206],"lower":[207],"bit":[208],"error":[209],"(BER)":[211],"under":[212],"same":[214],"compared":[217],"SM":[221],"APM":[223],"schemes.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
