{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091012876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037444","title":"Beamforming for multiuser massive MIMO systems: Digital versus hybrid analog-digital","display_name":"Beamforming for multiuser massive MIMO systems: Digital versus hybrid analog-digital","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091012876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037444","mag":"2091012876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2014.7037444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033914007","display_name":"Tadilo Endeshaw Bogale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-8542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadilo Endeshaw Bogale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universite du Quebec, Montreal, Canada","Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universite du Quebec, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029986211","display_name":"Long Bao Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Bao Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universite du Quebec, Montreal, Canada","Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universite du Quebec, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":212,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4066","last_page":"4071"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7943919897079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.6785483360290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6076167821884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5674441456794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5503427982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5486786961555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5419406294822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5357688069343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.44168901443481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4375470280647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.41125425696372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3958120346069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.376731276512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3021734654903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2625389099121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.21046680212020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16329267621040344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7943919897079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.6785483360290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6076167821884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5674441456794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5503427982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5486786961555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5419406294822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5357688069343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.44168901443481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4375470280647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.41125425696372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3958120346069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.376731276512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3021734654903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2625389099121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.21046680212020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16329267621040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2014.7037444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1875108508","https://openalex.org/W1981661761","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2046658845","https://openalex.org/W2047459700","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2075820788","https://openalex.org/W2098126478","https://openalex.org/W2120435222","https://openalex.org/W2124809476","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2142308177","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2151693816","https://openalex.org/W2170510856","https://openalex.org/W2539603415","https://openalex.org/W6728931052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950721519","https://openalex.org/W1030714881","https://openalex.org/W2128315032","https://openalex.org/W2036800514","https://openalex.org/W2336268344","https://openalex.org/W2097396380","https://openalex.org/W4282945775","https://openalex.org/W2162065658","https://openalex.org/W2108246702","https://openalex.org/W2111046222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"designs":[2],"a":[3,66],"novel":[4],"hybrid":[5,19,59,106,153,189],"(a":[6],"mixture":[7],"of":[8,78,99,121,142,162,170,176,187],"analog":[9,126],"and":[10,13,20,46,107,131,145,152,179],"digital)":[11],"beamforming":[12,60,80,190],"examines":[14],"the":[15,18,44,49,58,76,85,97,105,119,139,147,160,167,174,183,188],"relation":[16,103],"between":[17,104,150],"digital":[21,79,108,128,151],"beamformings":[22,109,154],"for":[23,138,166],"downlink":[24],"multiuser":[25],"massive":[26],"multiple":[27,29],"input":[28],"output":[30],"(MIMO)":[31],"systems.":[32],"We":[33],"assume":[34],"that":[35,137],"perfect":[36],"channel":[37],"state":[38],"information":[39],"is":[40,61,82,93,110,192],"available":[41],"only":[42],"at":[43],"transmitter":[45],"we":[47],"consider":[48],"total":[50,184],"sum":[51,68,185],"rate":[52,186],"maximization":[53],"problem.":[54],"For":[55],"this":[56],"problem,":[57],"designed":[62],"indirectly":[63],"by":[64,95,113,158],"considering":[65],"weighed":[67],"mean":[69],"square":[70],"error":[71],"(WSMSE)":[72],"minimization":[73],"problem":[74,92],"incorporating":[75],"solution":[77],"which":[81,191],"obtained":[83],"from":[84],"block":[86],"diagonalization":[87],"technique.":[88],"The":[89,102],"resulting":[90],"WSMSE":[91],"solved":[94],"applying":[96],"theory":[98],"compressed":[100],"sensing.":[101],"studied":[111],"numerically":[112],"varying":[114],"different":[115],"parameters,":[116],"such":[117],"as":[118],"number":[120,141,161,169,175],"radio":[122],"frequency":[123],"(RF)":[124],"chains,":[125],"to":[127],"converters":[129],"(ADCs)":[130],"multiplexed":[132,163,171],"symbols.":[133,164],"Computer":[134],"simulations":[135],"reveal":[136],"given":[140,168],"RF":[143,177],"chains":[144,178],"ADCs,":[146],"performance":[148],"gap":[149],"can":[155],"be":[156],"decreased":[157],"decreasing":[159],"Moreover,":[165],"symbols,":[172],"increasing":[173],"ADCs":[180],"will":[181],"increase":[182],"expected.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}