{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977658075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831725","title":"Power scaling of massive MIMO systems with arbitrary-rank channel means and imperfect CSI","display_name":"Power scaling of massive MIMO systems with arbitrary-rank channel means and imperfect CSI","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977658075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831725","mag":"1977658075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2013.6831725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360211","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-1839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, CN","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210003, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210003, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083402663","display_name":"Zhaohua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZTE Coorporation, Shenzhen, China","ZTE Coorporation, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Coorporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Coorporation, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom","University College, London, United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College, London, United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755735","display_name":"Hongbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210003, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210003, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035876091","display_name":"Michail Matthaiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Matthaiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","Chalmers Univ., of Technol., Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers Univ., of Technol., Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4157","last_page":"4162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7890208959579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7482353448867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.6413350105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5956065058708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5919526815414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-ratio-combining","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","score":0.5328747630119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5246663093566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4933439791202545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47183945775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.45250993967056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3983973264694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3429814577102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2803848385810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18716716766357422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7890208959579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7482353448867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.6413350105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5956065058708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5919526815414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86024645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795632","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","level":4,"score":0.5328747630119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5246663093566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4933439791202545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47183945775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.45250993967056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3983973264694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3429814577102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2803848385810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18716716766357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2013.6831725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1504963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1504963/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: (pp. pp. 4157-4162). (2013)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1510709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1510709/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: (Proceedings) IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). (pp. pp. 4152-4157). IEEE (2013)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:200750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/200750-power-scaling-of-massive-mimo-systems-with-arbitrary-rank-channel-means-and-imperfect-csi","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Conference.PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/a0750827-daa9-4121-af36-9bfe268b9fa2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/a0750827-daa9-4121-af36-9bfe268b9fa2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, Q, Lu, Z, Jin, S, Wong, K-K, Zhu, H & Matthaiou, M 2013, Power scaling of massive MIMO systems with arbitrary-rank channel means and imperfect CSI. in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:200750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/200750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508642566","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1991616057","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2085046959","https://openalex.org/W2101300273","https://openalex.org/W2102461308","https://openalex.org/W2103749601","https://openalex.org/W2109439315","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2143927285","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2152999056","https://openalex.org/W2164664877","https://openalex.org/W2168792117","https://openalex.org/W2539198515","https://openalex.org/W2556644153","https://openalex.org/W2951246472","https://openalex.org/W3125456873","https://openalex.org/W4246372467","https://openalex.org/W6643128684","https://openalex.org/W6789577357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318","https://openalex.org/W4313028534","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2283125831","https://openalex.org/W2106711889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55,122],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,109,124],"study":[4],"the":[5,33,66,69,75,80,90,104,113,131],"achievable":[6],"uplink":[7,71,132],"rates":[8,72,133],"of":[9,82,93,116],"massive":[10],"multiple-input":[11],"multiple-output":[12],"(MIMO)":[13],"systems":[14],"using":[15],"maximal-ratio":[16],"combining":[17],"(MRC)":[18],"and":[19,68,142],"zero-forcing":[20],"(ZF)":[21],"receivers,":[22],"assuming":[23],"imperfect":[24],"channel":[25,37,105],"state":[26],"information":[27],"(CSI).":[28],"Unlike":[29],"all":[30],"previous":[31],"studies,":[32],"fast":[34],"fading":[35],"MIMO":[36],"matrix":[38],"here":[39],"is":[40,58,96,106],"modeled":[41],"to":[42,74,100,120,136],"have":[43],"an":[44],"arbitrary-rank":[45],"deterministic":[46],"component":[47],"as":[48,50],"well":[49],"a":[51,62],"Rayleigh-distributed":[52],"random":[53],"component.":[54],"particular,":[56],"it":[57],"found":[59],"that":[60,126],"with":[61,127],"non-zero":[63],"Ricean":[64,129],"K-factor,":[65,130],"approximations":[67],"exact":[70],"converge":[73,135],"same":[76],"constant":[77],"value":[78],"if":[79,103],"number":[81],"base":[83],"station":[84],"antennas,":[85],"M,":[86],"grows":[87],"large,":[88],"while":[89],"transmit":[91,114],"power":[92,115],"each":[94,117],"user":[95,118],"scaled":[97],"down":[98],"proportionally":[99,119],"1/M.":[101],"However,":[102],"Rayleigh":[107],"fading,":[108],"can":[110],"only":[111],"cut":[112],"1/\u221aM.":[121],"addition,":[123],"show":[125],"increasing":[128],"will":[134],"fixed":[137],"values":[138],"for":[139],"both":[140],"MRC":[141],"ZF":[143],"receivers.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
