{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089693245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831143","title":"Adaptive Threshold Displacement algorithm for removing hidden information from digital images","display_name":"Adaptive Threshold Displacement algorithm for removing hidden information from digital images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089693245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831143","mag":"2089693245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2013.6831143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103569147","display_name":"Fahimeh Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-3517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fahimeh Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041294451","display_name":"Michael Hempel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-8349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hempel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101450683","display_name":"Tao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015195263","display_name":"Pradhumna Lal Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradhumna Lal Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029719787","display_name":"Dongming Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongming Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032208035","display_name":"Hamid Sharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103569147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15059296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"635","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.823615312576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7722992897033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6403135061264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5485095977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5331565141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5237476825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5197467803955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.48648640513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.47522953152656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.4668330252170563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4357720911502838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2678523361682892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.823615312576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7722992897033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6403135061264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5485095977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5331565141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5237476825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5197467803955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.48648640513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47522953152656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.4668330252170563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4357720911502838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2678523361682892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2013.6831143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2013.6831143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514337436","https://openalex.org/W1970219677","https://openalex.org/W1987406538","https://openalex.org/W2058882693","https://openalex.org/W2104353883","https://openalex.org/W2113996617","https://openalex.org/W2115922709","https://openalex.org/W2116279341","https://openalex.org/W2155766055","https://openalex.org/W2157739098","https://openalex.org/W2167395827","https://openalex.org/W2172055052","https://openalex.org/W6685283609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203504906","https://openalex.org/W2497446005","https://openalex.org/W2171676767","https://openalex.org/W4312890355","https://openalex.org/W83713408","https://openalex.org/W1716757876","https://openalex.org/W4285356283","https://openalex.org/W4293373802","https://openalex.org/W4318577714","https://openalex.org/W2974782078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,177],"growth":[1],"of":[2,19,28,35,48,60,94,102,155,184,199,207,216],"the":[3,33,58,83,92,95,103,120,125,153,185,205,208,214,217],"Internet":[4],"and":[5,24,97,131,213],"online":[6,20],"social":[7],"media,":[8],"especially":[9],"in":[10,70,87,119,202],"recent":[11],"years,":[12],"also":[13],"gave":[14],"rise":[15],"to":[16,56,81,117,141,162],"a":[17,64,78,133,196],"proliferation":[18],"multimedia":[21,39],"content":[22],"creation":[23],"distribution.":[25],"use":[27],"modern":[29],"steganography":[30,84,105,175],"methods":[31],"-":[32,40],"art":[34],"hiding":[36],"information":[37,85,187],"within":[38,132],"presents":[41],"an":[42,53,88],"unprecedented":[43],"opportunity":[44],"for":[45,73],"malicious":[46],"uses":[47],"these":[49],"materials.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"developing":[52],"effective":[54],"technique":[55],"avoid":[57],"distribution":[59],"secret":[61],"data":[62],"is":[63,68,115,188,220],"significant":[65],"problem":[66],"that":[67,165,181],"addressed":[69],"this":[71],"paper":[72],"digital":[74],"images.":[75],"We":[76],"introduce":[77],"novel":[79],"algorithm":[80,109],"remove":[82],"embedded":[86,169],"image":[89,96,127],"without":[90],"changing":[91],"quality":[93,206],"with":[98,195],"no":[99],"prior":[100],"knowledge":[101],"utilized":[104],"technique.":[106],"Our":[107],"new":[108],"called":[110],"Adaptive":[111],"Threshold":[112],"Displacement":[113],"(ATD)":[114],"applied":[116],"images":[118,164,209,219],"spatial":[121],"domain.":[122],"ATD":[123,161,193],"divides":[124],"whole":[126],"into":[128],"different":[129,163,172],"segments":[130],"given":[134],"segment,":[135],"some":[136],"pixels":[137],"are":[138],"displaced":[139],"according":[140],"their":[142,147],"contents":[143],"as":[144,146],"well":[145],"neighboring":[148],"pixel":[149],"values.":[150],"For":[151],"evaluating":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"our":[156,191],"proposed":[157,192],"algorithm,":[158,194],"we":[159],"apply":[160],"contain":[166],"hidden":[167,186],"information,":[168],"using":[170],"two":[171],"widely":[173],"used":[174],"techniques.":[176],"presented":[178],"results":[179],"show":[180],"virtually":[182],"all":[183],"destroyed":[189],"by":[190],"retrieval":[197],"BER":[198],"over":[200],"40%":[201],"average.":[203],"However,":[204],"does":[210],"not":[211],"change":[212],"PSNR":[215],"resulting":[218],"above":[221],"32":[222],"dB.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}