{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065880443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503562","title":"Multilevel pulse-position modulation based on balanced incomplete block designs","display_name":"Multilevel pulse-position modulation based on balanced incomplete block designs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065880443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503562","mag":"2065880443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2012.6503562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1268994","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109997250","display_name":"Mohammad Noshad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Noshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA","Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080067300","display_name":"Ma\u00eft\u00e9 Brandt-Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-8280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma\u00eft\u00e9 Brandt-Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA","Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93494609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2930","last_page":"2935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.8135972023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6699532270431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6084082126617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.5829745531082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandlimiting","display_name":"Bandlimiting","score":0.5538267493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.530657172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5070700645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.47003787755966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.4429880380630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.42781662940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-shaping","display_name":"Pulse shaping","score":0.42620009183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4191647171974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41166695952415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.36661919951438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3242654800415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30175232887268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27541929483413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.2684229016304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17008554935455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.14263153076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11348050832748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11098596453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07270249724388123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.8135972023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6699532270431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6084082126617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.5829745531082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129997835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806263","display_name":"Bandlimiting","level":3,"score":0.5538267493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.530657172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5070700645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.47003787755966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.4429880380630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.42781662940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259683","display_name":"Pulse shaping","level":3,"score":0.42620009183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4191647171974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41166695952415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.36661919951438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3242654800415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30175232887268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27541929483413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.2684229016304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17008554935455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.14263153076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11348050832748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11098596453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07270249724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2012.6503562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1268994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1268994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1268994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1268994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517583229","https://openalex.org/W2063919733","https://openalex.org/W2078533430","https://openalex.org/W2103290760","https://openalex.org/W2118998054","https://openalex.org/W2134956613","https://openalex.org/W2143246195","https://openalex.org/W2143544124","https://openalex.org/W2145535479","https://openalex.org/W2153876532","https://openalex.org/W2159604024","https://openalex.org/W2163770389","https://openalex.org/W2476647282","https://openalex.org/W2489161884","https://openalex.org/W2612977707","https://openalex.org/W6630457726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242733035","https://openalex.org/W2363311713","https://openalex.org/W1970863749","https://openalex.org/W2357198663","https://openalex.org/W2476647282","https://openalex.org/W4400390723","https://openalex.org/W2361503959","https://openalex.org/W1976332733","https://openalex.org/W4322098571","https://openalex.org/W3207481136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,45],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"two":[3],"new":[4],"modulation":[5,10,69,161],"schemes":[6,100,156,162],"using":[7,96,133],"multilevel":[8],"pulse-position":[9],"(PPM)":[11],"for":[12,28,81,109,163],"application":[13],"in":[14],"unipolar":[15],"optical":[16,170],"wireless":[17],"systems":[18,110],"are":[19,26,79,106,157],"presented.":[20],"Balanced":[21],"incomplete":[22],"block":[23],"designs":[24],"(BIBD)":[25],"used":[27,80],"constructing":[29,82],"the":[30,48,64,83,85,127,134,138,146,149,154],"symbol":[31,34],"alphabets.":[32],"Each":[33],"is":[35,57],"obtained":[36],"by":[37,144],"combining":[38],"multiple":[39],"codewords":[40],"of":[41,148,153],"a":[42,61,123],"BIBD":[43],"code.":[44],"one":[46],"scheme":[47],"symbols":[49],"have":[50,89],"equal":[51],"energies,":[52],"and":[53,87,92,105,167],"therefore,":[54],"no":[55],"threshold":[56],"needed":[58],"to":[59,159],"make":[60],"decision":[62],"on":[63,126],"received":[65],"signal.":[66],"The":[67,151],"other":[68,160],"has":[70,122],"better":[71],"performance":[72,152],"yet":[73],"higher":[74],"complexity.":[75],"Since":[76],"cyclic":[77],"BIBDs":[78],"symbols,":[84],"transmitters":[86],"receivers":[88],"simple":[90],"structures,":[91],"can":[93,101,141],"be":[94,142],"implemented":[95],"shift":[97],"registers.":[98],"These":[99],"achieve":[102],"high":[103],"spectral-efficiencies,":[104],"therefore":[107],"suitable":[108],"with":[111],"bandlimited":[112],"sources":[113],"or":[114],"highly":[115],"dispersive":[116,168],"channels,":[117],"where":[118],"intersymbol":[119],"interference":[120],"(ISI)":[121],"significant":[124],"impact":[125],"performance.":[128],"We":[129],"also":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"same":[135],"receiver":[136],"structure,":[137],"constellation":[139],"size":[140],"increased":[143],"including":[145],"complements":[147],"codewords.":[150],"proposed":[155],"compared":[158],"both":[164],"LED-based":[165],"non-dispersive":[166],"free-space":[169],"(FSO)":[171],"systems.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
