{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068450856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503214","title":"Pecan: A circuit-less P2P design for anonymity","display_name":"Pecan: A circuit-less P2P design for anonymity","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068450856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503214","mag":"2068450856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2012.6503214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045319978","display_name":"Gang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-252X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060070600","display_name":"Leonardo Aguilera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Aguilera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719924","display_name":"Yong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-1848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045319978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72176179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1525","issue":null,"first_page":"820","last_page":"825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.7858211994171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7668929100036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7185155153274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5644309520721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5401955842971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5295311808586121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5012259483337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","score":0.4388744533061981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2322978675365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09708565473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09092313051223755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.7858211994171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7668929100036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7185155153274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5644309520721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5401955842971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5295311808586121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5012259483337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.4388744533061981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2322978675365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09708565473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09092313051223755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2012.6503214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192474156","https://openalex.org/W357818548","https://openalex.org/W1542162318","https://openalex.org/W1566461722","https://openalex.org/W1567827377","https://openalex.org/W1590823599","https://openalex.org/W1591180318","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1675339804","https://openalex.org/W1894333397","https://openalex.org/W1932868796","https://openalex.org/W1969314716","https://openalex.org/W1981398410","https://openalex.org/W1997601204","https://openalex.org/W2005708967","https://openalex.org/W2052518690","https://openalex.org/W2060764506","https://openalex.org/W2078813897","https://openalex.org/W2081307968","https://openalex.org/W2101770573","https://openalex.org/W2102355710","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2108668142","https://openalex.org/W2114428623","https://openalex.org/W2122281733","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2161721751","https://openalex.org/W2163674653","https://openalex.org/W2164101323","https://openalex.org/W2295017432","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607797128","https://openalex.org/W6632738333","https://openalex.org/W6633638003","https://openalex.org/W6635499591","https://openalex.org/W6637080381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W4206398305","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778","https://openalex.org/W2982648111","https://openalex.org/W2082747743","https://openalex.org/W1993929477","https://openalex.org/W3023553556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"Pecan,":[2,10],"a":[3,17,70,97,102,111],"circuit-less,":[4],"peer-to-peer":[5],"low-latency":[6],"anonymous":[7,74],"system.":[8],"In":[9],"users":[11],"do":[12,59],"not":[13],"need":[14],"to":[15,134],"construct":[16],"circuit":[18],"for":[19,117,143],"communications.":[20],"The":[21,61,139],"anonymity":[22,63],"is":[23,64,94,129,141],"provided":[24],"by":[25,41],"Pecan's":[26,92],"highly":[27],"peer-to-peer,":[28],"circuit-less":[29],"structure":[30],"and":[31,76,101,122],"the":[32,42,56,85,90,125,135],"feature":[33],"that":[34,55],"all":[35],"re-encryption":[36,105],"keys":[37],"are":[38],"generated":[39],"locally":[40],"intermediate":[43,86],"nodes":[44,87],"themselves.":[45],"Pecan":[46],"also":[47],"has":[48],"stronger":[49],"resistance":[50],"against":[51],"several":[52],"DoS":[53],"attacks":[54],"circuit-based":[57],"systems":[58],"not.":[60],"high":[62],"obtained":[65],"without":[66],"harming":[67],"user":[68,71],"experience:":[69],"could":[72],"send":[73],"requests":[75],"get":[77],"corresponding":[78],"responses":[79],"with":[80],"less":[81],"stringent":[82],"requirements":[83],"on":[84,89,96],"involved":[88],"route.":[91],"design":[93],"based":[95],"revised":[98],"onion":[99],"routing":[100],"new":[103],"proxy":[104],"algorithm.":[106],"These":[107],"cryptographic":[108],"algorithms":[109],"maintain":[110],"small":[112,131],"amount":[113],"of":[114],"processing":[115,127],"overhead":[116],"system":[118],"nodes.":[119],"Our":[120],"analysis":[121],"experiment":[123],"showed":[124],"total":[126],"delay":[128],"relatively":[130],"in":[132],"comparison":[133],"whole":[136],"end-to-end":[137],"latency.":[138],"throughput":[140],"satisfactory":[142],"normal":[144],"users'":[145],"online":[146],"activities.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
