{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135612201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5426262","title":"Spectrum Sensing by Cognitive Radios at Very Low SNR","display_name":"Spectrum Sensing by Cognitive Radios at Very Low SNR","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135612201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5426262","mag":"2135612201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2009.5426262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5426262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.1992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhi Quan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["QUALCOMM, Inc.orporated, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QUALCOMM, Inc.orporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stephen J. Shellhammer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Shellhammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["QUALCOMM, Inc.orporated, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QUALCOMM, Inc.orporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenyi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["QUALCOMM, Inc.orporated, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QUALCOMM, Inc.orporated, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ali H. Sayed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali H. Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96051352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5544000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-television","display_name":"Digital television","score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.36329999566078186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5544000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520681616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202255","display_name":"Digital television","level":2,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98084364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258137","display_name":"Analog television","level":3,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2009.5426262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5426262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0907.1992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.1992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.1992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:233161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/233161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0907.1992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.1992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.1992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616265588","https://openalex.org/W2011705431","https://openalex.org/W2072987322","https://openalex.org/W2110567841","https://openalex.org/W2124590431","https://openalex.org/W2165202277","https://openalex.org/W3133603318","https://openalex.org/W4206196235","https://openalex.org/W6679871958"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"sensing":[1,49,96,109,127,154],"is":[2,30,65,98],"one":[3],"of":[4,57,70,81,120],"the":[5,16,22,28,68,71,75,82,90,112,118,121,125,130,152],"enabling":[6],"functionalities":[7],"for":[8,55],"cognitive":[9],"radio":[10],"(CR)":[11],"systems":[12],"to":[13,32,66,89,139,144],"operate":[14],"in":[15],"spectrum":[17,48,126],"white":[18],"space.":[19],"To":[20],"protect":[21],"primary":[23,83],"incumbent":[24,34],"users":[25],"from":[26],"interference,":[27],"CR":[29],"required":[31],"detect":[33,158],"signals":[35,163],"at":[36,101,164],"very":[37,102],"low":[38,103,167],"signal-to-noise":[39],"ratio":[40],"(SNR).":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,93],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,116,133],"present":[46],"a":[47,76,107],"technique":[50,97,155],"based":[51],"on":[52,124,137],"correlating":[53],"spectra":[54,94],"detection":[56],"television":[58],"(TV)":[59],"broadcasting":[60],"signals.":[61],"The":[62],"basic":[63],"strategy":[64],"correlate":[67],"periodogram":[69],"received":[72],"signal":[73],"with":[74,106],"priori":[77],"known":[78],"spectral":[79,122,142],"features":[80,123,143],"signal.":[84],"We":[85],"show":[86,150],"that":[87,151],"according":[88],"Neyman-Pearson":[91],"criterion,":[92],"correlation-based":[95],"asymptotically":[99],"optimal":[100],"SNR":[104,165],"and":[105,160],"large":[108],"time.":[110],"From":[111],"system":[113],"design":[114],"perspective,":[115],"analyze":[117],"effect":[119],"performance.":[128],"Through":[129],"optimization":[131],"analysis,":[132],"obtain":[134],"useful":[135],"insights":[136],"how":[138],"choose":[140],"effective":[141],"achieve":[145],"reliable":[146],"sensing.":[147],"Simulation":[148],"results":[149],"proposed":[153],"can":[156],"reliably":[157],"analog":[159],"digital":[161],"TV":[162],"as":[166,168],"-20":[169],"dB.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}