{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168931330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425348","title":"Embedding a Covert Channel in Active Network Connections","display_name":"Embedding a Covert Channel in Active Network Connections","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168931330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425348","mag":"2168931330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2009.5425348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425348","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051330490","display_name":"Hassan Aqeel Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-160X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013067968","display_name":"Yousra Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-9551"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousra Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068442949","display_name":"Fauzan Mirza","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fauzan Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110173633","display_name":"Syed Ali Khayam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Khayam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88414569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.8256134986877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7331720590591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7282495498657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.712655782699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6671785712242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.645373523235321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5706773996353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.49407246708869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizing","display_name":"Synchronizing","score":0.4461289644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.15953916311264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1534503996372223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10136023163795471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.8256134986877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7331720590591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7282495498657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.712655782699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6671785712242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.645373523235321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5706773996353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.49407246708869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.4461289644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.15953916311264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1534503996372223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10136023163795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2009.5425348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425348","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.385.9640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.385.9640","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wisnet.seecs.nust.edu.pk/publications/2009/hyaf09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49546894","https://openalex.org/W137712071","https://openalex.org/W1480070337","https://openalex.org/W1549081716","https://openalex.org/W1553177637","https://openalex.org/W1560666250","https://openalex.org/W1572099079","https://openalex.org/W1573224992","https://openalex.org/W1579876420","https://openalex.org/W1739088677","https://openalex.org/W1878907771","https://openalex.org/W1999427165","https://openalex.org/W2060626729","https://openalex.org/W2099137371","https://openalex.org/W2107655538","https://openalex.org/W2131588610","https://openalex.org/W2137200163","https://openalex.org/W2151185692","https://openalex.org/W2157428729","https://openalex.org/W2157970202","https://openalex.org/W2163700643","https://openalex.org/W2472965463","https://openalex.org/W6601962654","https://openalex.org/W6605622129","https://openalex.org/W6632934278","https://openalex.org/W6633219197","https://openalex.org/W6633736205","https://openalex.org/W6634327450","https://openalex.org/W6634416297","https://openalex.org/W6634873642","https://openalex.org/W6676286649","https://openalex.org/W6682866615","https://openalex.org/W6683268492","https://openalex.org/W6720687731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W1587013156","https://openalex.org/W4239080508","https://openalex.org/W2326198059","https://openalex.org/W4319780484","https://openalex.org/W4386088729","https://openalex.org/W4376311794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"timing":[1,22,53,125],"channels":[2,23],"exploit":[3],"varying":[4],"packet":[5],"rates":[6],"between":[7,55,65],"synchronized":[8],"sending":[9],"and":[10,24,94],"receiving":[11],"hosts":[12,70],"to":[13,71,114],"transmit":[14,72],"hidden":[15],"information.":[16],"The":[17,86],"overhead":[18],"in":[19,91,112],"synchronizing":[20],"covert":[21,41,73,77],"their":[25,32],"inherent":[26],"dependence":[27],"on":[28,51],"network":[29,63,84],"conditions":[30],"are":[31,105],"main":[33],"drawbacks.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,76],"paper,":[37],"we":[38],"propose":[39],"a":[40,66],"channel":[42,78,116,120,126],"using":[43,123],"multiple":[44,62],"active":[45],"connections":[46,64,97],"that":[47],"does":[48],"not":[49],"depend":[50],"the":[52,92],"differences":[54],"consecutive":[56],"packets.":[57],"Our":[58,107],"proposed":[59,119],"approach":[60],"uses":[61],"pair":[67],"of":[68,96,103],"communicating":[69],"data.":[74],"Hence":[75],"is":[79,89,121],"unaffected":[80],"by":[81],"underlying":[82],"unpredictable":[83],"conditions.":[85],"concealed":[87],"data":[88,104],"embedded":[90],"order":[93],"sequence":[95],"to/from":[98],"which":[99],"regular":[100],"(cover)":[101],"packets":[102],"sent/received.":[106],"experimental":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that,":[111],"addition":[113],"higher":[115],"capacity,":[117],"our":[118],"undetectable":[122],"contemporary":[124],"detection":[127],"approaches.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}