{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134038042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379096","title":"Self-organizing map for mobile location estimation in DS-CDMA systems","display_name":"Self-organizing map for mobile location estimation in DS-CDMA systems","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134038042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379096","mag":"2134038042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2004.1379096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113943617","display_name":"Jun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052387898","display_name":"J.W. Mark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.W. Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047248078","display_name":"Jun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Waterloo Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113943617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19502804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3887","last_page":"3891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.8296924829483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7847156524658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7631096839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.7222846746444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6492540240287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5668228268623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5303362607955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47615620493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiuser-detection","display_name":"Multiuser detection","score":0.4757102131843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4722401797771454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.45061224699020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4305429458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4226914942264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3538999557495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.333152711391449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.3238568902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2604126036167145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1880059540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10659953951835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08203843235969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07715898752212524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.8296924829483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7847156524658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7631096839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.7222846746444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6492540240287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5668228268623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5303362607955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47615620493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16324514","display_name":"Multiuser detection","level":3,"score":0.4757102131843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4722401797771454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.45061224699020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4305429458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4226914942264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3538999557495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.333152711391449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.3238568902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2604126036167145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1880059540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10659953951835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08203843235969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07715898752212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2004.1379096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613237345","https://openalex.org/W1576064560","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1827510385","https://openalex.org/W1827572317","https://openalex.org/W2005142092","https://openalex.org/W2006083173","https://openalex.org/W2113065846","https://openalex.org/W2129183572","https://openalex.org/W2162499288","https://openalex.org/W4237222446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144568144","https://openalex.org/W2113678663","https://openalex.org/W2170939602","https://openalex.org/W3009067413","https://openalex.org/W2166884543","https://openalex.org/W2119572658","https://openalex.org/W2538446308","https://openalex.org/W2059994477","https://openalex.org/W1729918523","https://openalex.org/W2140892693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"self-organizing":[1],"map":[2],"(SOM)":[3],"scheme":[4,21,45,63],"for":[5],"mobile":[6],"location":[7],"estimation":[8],"in":[9,56,67],"a":[10],"direct-sequence":[11],"code":[12],"division":[13],"multiple":[14],"access":[15],"(DS-CDMA)":[16],"system":[17],"is":[18,40,54],"proposed.":[19],"The":[20],"performs":[22],"nonlinear":[23],"mapping":[24],"between":[25],"the":[26,36,43,47,62,68,82,85],"measured":[27],"pilot":[28],"signal":[29],"strengths":[30],"from":[31],"nearby":[32],"base":[33],"stations":[34],"and":[35,51,53,58],"user's":[37],"location.":[38],"It":[39],"shown":[41],"that":[42],"proposed":[44,86],"has":[46],"advantage":[48],"of":[49,84],"robustness":[50],"scalability,":[52],"easy":[55],"training":[57],"implementation.":[59],"In":[60],"addition,":[61],"exhibits":[64],"superior":[65],"performance":[66],"non-line-of-sight":[69],"(NLOS)":[70],"situation.":[71],"Numerical":[72],"results":[73],"under":[74],"various":[75],"terrestrial":[76],"environments":[77],"are":[78],"presented":[79],"to":[80],"demonstrate":[81],"feasibility":[83],"SOM":[87],"scheme.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
