{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134187314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379095","title":"Design of optimal complex spreading codes for DS-CDMA using an evolutionary approach","display_name":"Design of optimal complex spreading codes for DS-CDMA using an evolutionary approach","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134187314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379095","mag":"2134187314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2004.1379095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003778401","display_name":"Balasubramaniam Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053663591","display_name":"Sanjoy Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079911857","display_name":"Daniel Stevens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5646-0282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003778401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2977,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84151032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3882","last_page":"3886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.7818613052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.7795904874801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6134703755378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5939676761627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5842908620834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5793322920799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.5039593577384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32783326506614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16791453957557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1296634078025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10634338855743408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.7818613052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.7795904874801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6134703755378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5939676761627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5842908620834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5793322920799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5039593577384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32783326506614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16791453957557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1296634078025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10634338855743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2004.1379095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2004.1379095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525552993","https://openalex.org/W1585939719","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W2011059145","https://openalex.org/W2015049075","https://openalex.org/W2036201099","https://openalex.org/W2067096554","https://openalex.org/W2098907614","https://openalex.org/W2106334424","https://openalex.org/W2109571791","https://openalex.org/W2116119493","https://openalex.org/W2117762792","https://openalex.org/W2121365620","https://openalex.org/W2125502051","https://openalex.org/W2138068001","https://openalex.org/W2140420535","https://openalex.org/W2156674109","https://openalex.org/W2165626989","https://openalex.org/W2166785925","https://openalex.org/W2278565992","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4248676392","https://openalex.org/W6631503994","https://openalex.org/W6635097213","https://openalex.org/W6694944462","https://openalex.org/W7018733341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075517212","https://openalex.org/W2566455368","https://openalex.org/W4291802835","https://openalex.org/W2565613228","https://openalex.org/W1961916646","https://openalex.org/W2148313147","https://openalex.org/W1996377929","https://openalex.org/W2150798595","https://openalex.org/W2152454158","https://openalex.org/W2056318447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,14],"novel":[4],"evolutionary":[5,16],"approach":[6],"to":[7,20,30,46,72],"spreading":[8,23,58],"code":[9,59,66],"design":[10,60],"in":[11,44,84,89,93],"DS-CDMA.":[12],"Specifically,":[13],"multiobjective":[15],"algorithm":[17,56],"is":[18,42,70],"used":[19],"generate":[21,73],"complex":[22],"sequences":[24],"that":[25],"are":[26],"optimized":[27],"with":[28,61,80],"respect":[29],"average":[31],"mean":[32],"square":[33],"cross":[34],"correlation":[35,85],"and/or":[36],"autocorrelation":[37],"properties.":[38,86],"A":[39],"theoretical":[40],"model":[41],"developed":[43],"order":[45],"demonstrate":[47],"the":[48,51,65],"optimality":[49],"of":[50,77],"generated":[52],"codes.":[53],"proposed":[55],"enables":[57],"no":[62],"constraints":[63],"on":[64],"length.":[67],"Furthermore,":[68],"it":[69],"possible":[71],"K/spl":[74],"ges/N":[75],"codes":[76],"length":[78],"N":[79],"very":[81],"little":[82],"cost":[83],"This":[87],"results":[88],"significant":[90],"capacity":[91],"enhancement":[92],"DS-CDMA":[94],"systems.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
