{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104176825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258947","title":"An evolutionary framework for AS-level Internet topology modeling","display_name":"An evolutionary framework for AS-level Internet topology modeling","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104176825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258947","mag":"2104176825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2003.1258947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258947","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/971f52a0-05d7-4493-8d81-d5bbe7474fec/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075114991","display_name":"Ruomei Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482740","display_name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfrh333","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruomei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Technology Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Technology Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046123988","display_name":"Ellen Zegura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-1759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482740","display_name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfrh333","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Zegura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Technology Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Technology Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66845278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3824","last_page":"3829"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6933330297470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.6898398399353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.683161735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-topology","display_name":"Internet topology","score":0.6607500314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.640454888343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5309478640556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.500037431716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4652572274208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.44850459694862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3751109838485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3236587643623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2797403037548065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17266297340393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1166360080242157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6933330297470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.6898398399353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.683161735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99237066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092610","display_name":"Internet topology","level":3,"score":0.6607500314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.640454888343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5309478640556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.500037431716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4652572274208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.44850459694862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3751109838485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3236587643623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2797403037548065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17266297340393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1166360080242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2003.1258947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258947","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/6574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6574","pdf_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/971f52a0-05d7-4493-8d81-d5bbe7474fec/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.131.2830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.131.2830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~gaorm/publication/astopo.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/6574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6574","pdf_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/971f52a0-05d7-4493-8d81-d5bbe7474fec/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104176825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104176825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3976408","https://openalex.org/W1948092788","https://openalex.org/W1976969221","https://openalex.org/W1982219281","https://openalex.org/W2050353626","https://openalex.org/W2062939617","https://openalex.org/W2099168712","https://openalex.org/W2104176825","https://openalex.org/W2105808107","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2142735084","https://openalex.org/W2149888524","https://openalex.org/W2156323105","https://openalex.org/W2163252320","https://openalex.org/W2165084894","https://openalex.org/W2170403168","https://openalex.org/W2997134027","https://openalex.org/W3004844876","https://openalex.org/W6675688464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118172359","https://openalex.org/W2162229343","https://openalex.org/W2096179639","https://openalex.org/W1971834700","https://openalex.org/W2151485082","https://openalex.org/W3976408","https://openalex.org/W2792788525","https://openalex.org/W2159347973","https://openalex.org/W2118404561","https://openalex.org/W4297582752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Models":[0],"for":[1,22,94],"network":[2],"topology":[3,33,170],"form":[4],"a":[5,17,32,73,82,102],"crucial":[6,166],"component":[7],"in":[8,169],"the":[9,38,42,95,119,122,132,147],"analysis":[10],"of":[11,19,41,59,81,104,106,124,134,146],"protocols.":[12],"This":[13,97],"paper":[14],"systematically":[15],"investigates":[16],"variety":[18,103],"evolutionary":[20,46,75,85],"models":[21,30,47,107],"autonomous":[23],"system":[24],"(AS)":[25],"level":[26],"Internet":[27],"topology.":[28,44],"Evolution-based":[29],"produce":[31],"incrementally,":[34],"attempting":[35],"to":[36,67,72,100,108,163],"reflect":[37],"growth":[39],"patterns":[40],"actual":[43],"While":[45],"are":[48],"appealing,":[49],"they":[50],"have":[51],"generally":[52],"not":[53],"agreed":[54],"as":[55,62,118],"closely":[56,154],"with":[57,91,155],"measurements":[58,109],"real":[60,111,156],"data":[61,112],"non-evolutionary":[63],"models.":[64],"We":[65,114,141,158],"attempt":[66],"understand":[68],"what":[69],"factor":[70],"contributes":[71],"\"good\"":[74],"model.":[76],"Our":[77],"systematic":[78],"study":[79,115],"consists":[80],"relatively":[83],"generic":[84],"model":[86],"framework,":[87],"which":[88],"we":[89],"populate":[90],"different":[92],"choices":[93],"components.":[96],"allows":[98],"us":[99],"compare":[101],"instances":[105],"from":[110],"sets.":[113],"issues":[116],"such":[117],"initial":[120],"topology,":[121],"type":[123],"preferential":[125],"connectivity":[126],"used":[127],"when":[128],"adding":[129],"edges,":[130],"and":[131],"role":[133],"\"growth\"":[135],"edges":[136],"added":[137],"between":[138],"existing":[139],"nodes.":[140],"find":[142],"that":[143,152],"appropriate":[144],"instantiation":[145],"framework":[148],"can":[149],"provide":[150],"topologies":[151],"agree":[153],"data.":[157],"also":[159],"use":[160],"our":[161],"work":[162],"highlight":[164],"several":[165],"open":[167],"problems":[168],"modeling.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}