{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127215814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258251","title":"BER Analysis of A Modified Space-Time Spreading Code for CDMA Systems in MIMO Ricean Channels","display_name":"BER Analysis of A Modified Space-Time Spreading Code for CDMA Systems in MIMO Ricean Channels","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127215814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258251","mag":"2127215814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2003.1258251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113491725","display_name":"Jiann-An Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-An Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCL/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCL/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111947304","display_name":"Chang-Lung Hsiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Lung Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCL/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCL/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044711658","display_name":"I C.-L.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.-L. I","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCL/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCL/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052487611","display_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-1154"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.M. Buehrer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112722745","display_name":"B.D. Woerner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.D. Woerner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113491725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72182096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"307","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.6410131454467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.6385060548782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6379011273384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6220080852508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5139257907867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4702799618244171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.4667375981807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4619614779949188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.4162232577800751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.39718329906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37368208169937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3714679181575775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3241896629333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17402103543281555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.6410131454467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.6385060548782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6379011273384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6220080852508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5139257907867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4702799618244171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4667375981807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4619614779949188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.4162232577800751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.39718329906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37368208169937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3714679181575775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3241896629333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17402103543281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/glocom.2003.1258251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2003.1258251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509477178","https://openalex.org/W1543362394","https://openalex.org/W1578191401","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1983647929","https://openalex.org/W2066653761","https://openalex.org/W2103035110","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2125700044","https://openalex.org/W2157939503","https://openalex.org/W6630513662","https://openalex.org/W6632433631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2186577153","https://openalex.org/W2089528186","https://openalex.org/W2126877935","https://openalex.org/W1849763777","https://openalex.org/W4224125014","https://openalex.org/W2015966446","https://openalex.org/W2786596595","https://openalex.org/W2165713722","https://openalex.org/W1848194078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"derive":[4],"an":[5],"analytical":[6,59],"bit-error-rate":[7],"(BER)":[8],"formula":[9],"for":[10,24,31,37],"evaluating":[11],"the":[12,32,58,71,104],"system":[13,44],"performance":[14],"of":[15,65],"MSTS":[16,33,79,105],"(modified":[17],"space-time":[18,22],"spreading)":[19,97],"code":[20],"with":[21],"diversity":[23,82,85],"cellular":[25,112],"CDMA":[26],"systems.":[27],"The":[28,74,99],"BER":[29,60,75],"analysis":[30],"is":[34,61,91],"carried":[35],"out":[36],"a":[38,48,109],"multiple":[39],"transmit":[40],"and":[41,70,83,90],"receive":[42],"antenna":[43],"(also":[45],"known":[46],"as":[47,63],"MIMO":[49,55,88],"system)":[50],"in":[51,86,108],"Ricean":[52,56,72],"channels.":[53],"For":[54],"channels,":[57],"derived":[62],"function":[64],"angle":[66],"spread,":[67,69],"Doppler":[68],"K-factor.":[73],"results":[76,100],"show":[77,102],"that":[78,103],"exploits":[80],"spatial":[81],"temporal":[84],"time-varying":[87],"channels":[89],"compared":[92],"to":[93],"existing":[94],"STS":[95,107],"(space-time":[96],"scheme.":[98],"also":[101],"outperforms":[106],"high":[110],"mobility":[111],"environment.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}