{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417409340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432761","title":"Performance Evaluation of LoRa for IoT Applications in Non-Terrestrial Networks via ns-3","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of LoRa for IoT Applications in Non-Terrestrial Networks via ns-3","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417409340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432761","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02811","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061722201","display_name":"Alessandro Traspadini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-7536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Traspadini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova,Department of Information Engineering,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova,Department of Information Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005894115","display_name":"Michele Zorzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Zorzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova,Department of Information Engineering,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova,Department of Information Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077464187","display_name":"Marco Giordani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0575-1781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Giordani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova,Department of Information Engineering,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova,Department of Information Engineering,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3249","last_page":"3254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.3711000084877014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7091000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123138037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570871","display_name":"Global network","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432761","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.02811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02811","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.02811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.02811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.02811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02811","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1617124451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101129618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2559059231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101129618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417409340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417409340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786858043","https://openalex.org/W2740100958","https://openalex.org/W3011225837","https://openalex.org/W2883166839","https://openalex.org/W3191042378","https://openalex.org/W3037170119","https://openalex.org/W3180641418","https://openalex.org/W2796563332","https://openalex.org/W4206195299","https://openalex.org/W4210683487","https://openalex.org/W3158782469","https://openalex.org/W3045605679","https://openalex.org/W4323520869","https://openalex.org/W4295979802","https://openalex.org/W4282971155","https://openalex.org/W2792195154","https://openalex.org/W4376123127","https://openalex.org/W2328724333","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2735739713","https://openalex.org/W2981626963","https://openalex.org/W3122333113","https://openalex.org/W4379514822","https://openalex.org/W2979371024"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,4,69,107,118],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"and":[7,22,58,67,95,99,122],"Non-Terrestrial":[8],"Networks":[9],"(NTNs)":[10],"has":[11],"emerged":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,88],"key":[15],"paradigm":[16],"to":[17,71,102,138,146],"provide":[18],"connectivity":[19,75],"for":[20,44],"sensors":[21],"actuators":[23],"via":[24],"satellite":[25,81,108],"gateways":[26],"in":[27,110,116],"remote":[28],"areas":[29],"where":[30],"terrestrial":[31],"infrastructure":[32],"is":[33,144],"limited":[34],"or":[35],"unavailable.":[36],"Among":[37],"other":[38],"Low-Power":[39],"Wide-Area":[40],"Network":[41],"(LPWAN)":[42],"technologies":[43],"IoT,":[45],"Long":[46],"Range":[47],"(LoRa)":[48],"holds":[49],"great":[50],"potential":[51],"given":[52,115],"its":[53],"long":[54,160],"range,":[55],"energy":[56],"efficiency,":[57],"flexibility.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,86],"explore":[64],"the":[65,97,136,154],"feasibility":[66],"performance":[68],"LoRa":[70,111,129],"support":[72,132],"large-scale":[73],"IoT":[74],"through":[76],"Low":[77],"Earth":[78],"Orbit":[79],"(LEO)":[80],"gateways.":[82],"To":[83],"do":[84],"so,":[85],"developed":[87],"new":[89],"ns3-LoRa-NTN":[90],"simulation":[91,106],"module,":[92],"which":[93],"integrates":[94],"extends":[96],"ns3-LoRa":[98],"ns3-NTN":[100],"modules,":[101],"enable":[103],"full-stack":[104],"end-to-end":[105],"communication":[109,134],"networks.":[112],"Our":[113],"results,":[114],"terms":[117],"average":[119],"data":[120],"rate":[121],"Packet":[123],"Reception":[124],"Ratio":[125],"(PRR),":[126],"confirm":[127],"that":[128],"can":[130],"effectively":[131],"direct":[133],"from":[135],"ground":[137],"LEO":[139],"satellites,":[140],"but":[141],"network":[142],"optimization":[143],"required":[145],"mitigate":[147],"collision":[148],"probability":[149],"when":[150],"end":[151],"nodes":[152],"use":[153],"same":[155],"Spreading":[156],"Factors":[157],"(SFs)":[158],"over":[159],"distances.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}