{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139000007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432148","title":"Watermarking Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Emerging Networked Applications via Activation Perturbation","display_name":"Watermarking Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Emerging Networked Applications via Activation Perturbation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139000007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432148"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015067954","display_name":"CC Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Department of Computer Science,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Department of Computer Science,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111033513","display_name":"Guan-Jhih Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Jhih Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Department of Computer Science,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Department of Computer Science,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069284794","display_name":"Ya-Chi Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Chi Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100836876","display_name":"C. S. Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6144-4601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Ya Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Department of Computer Science,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Department of Computer Science,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83164494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4294","last_page":"4300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8022000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8022000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.05640000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9363999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compatibility","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.3560999929904938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9363999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11432148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2137091430","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2579318729","https://openalex.org/W2806082141","https://openalex.org/W2990980946","https://openalex.org/W3016401366","https://openalex.org/W3168768313","https://openalex.org/W4226078332","https://openalex.org/W4244096624","https://openalex.org/W4248087795","https://openalex.org/W4290877352","https://openalex.org/W4387885969","https://openalex.org/W4392384393","https://openalex.org/W4396878152","https://openalex.org/W4399273920","https://openalex.org/W4406366950"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,30,58,107],"increasing":[2],"importance":[3],"of":[4,111],"protecting":[5],"intellectual":[6],"property":[7],"in":[8,23,77],"machine":[9],"learning,":[10],"watermarking":[11,42,95],"techniques":[12],"have":[13,44],"gained":[14],"significant":[15],"attention.":[16],"As":[17],"advanced":[18],"models":[19],"are":[20],"increasingly":[21],"deployed":[22],"domains":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"social":[27],"network":[28],"analysis,":[29],"need":[31],"for":[32,47,73,88,104],"robust":[33],"model":[34,144],"protection":[35],"becomes":[36],"even":[37],"more":[38],"critical.":[39],"While":[40],"existing":[41],"methods":[43],"demonstrated":[45],"effectiveness":[46],"conventional":[48],"deep":[49],"neural":[50],"networks,":[51],"they":[52],"often":[53],"fail":[54],"to":[55,57],"adapt":[56],"novel":[59,94],"architecture,":[60],"Kolmogorov-Arnold":[61],"Networks":[62],"(KAN),":[63],"which":[64],"feature":[65],"learnable":[66,108],"activation":[67,109,119],"functions.":[68],"KAN":[69],"holds":[70],"strong":[71],"potential":[72],"modeling":[74],"complex":[75],"relationships":[76],"network-structured":[78],"data.":[79],"However,":[80],"their":[81],"unique":[82],"design":[83],"also":[84],"introduces":[85],"new":[86],"challenges":[87],"watermarking.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"a":[93,140],"method,":[96],"Discrete":[97],"Cosine":[98],"Transform-based":[99],"Activation":[100],"Watermarking":[101],"(DCT-AW),":[102],"tailored":[103],"KAN.":[105],"Leveraging":[106],"functions":[110],"KAN,":[112],"our":[113],"method":[114],"embeds":[115],"watermarks":[116],"by":[117],"perturbing":[118],"outputs":[120],"using":[121],"discrete":[122],"cosine":[123],"transform,":[124],"ensuring":[125],"compatibility":[126],"with":[127],"diverse":[128],"tasks":[129],"and":[130,146,158],"achieving":[131],"task":[132],"independence.":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"that":[137],"DCT-AW":[138],"has":[139],"small":[141],"impact":[142],"on":[143],"performance":[145],"provides":[147],"superior":[148],"robustness":[149],"against":[150],"various":[151],"watermark":[152],"removal":[153],"attacks,":[154],"including":[155],"fine-tuning,":[156],"pruning,":[157],"retraining":[159],"after":[160],"pruning.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
