{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138945892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431907","title":"The Price of Privacy: Quantifying the Impact on Localization Accuracy in Underwater Secure Localization","display_name":"The Price of Privacy: Quantifying the Impact on Localization Accuracy in Underwater Secure Localization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138945892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431907"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130075624","display_name":"Rong Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129916553","display_name":"Azzedine Boukerche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azzedine Boukerche","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,Paradise Laboratory, EECS,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,Paradise Laboratory, EECS,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008905856","display_name":"Sidan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-7785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124093501","display_name":"Z. Y. Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3162-6790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123775591","display_name":"Yishan Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64842941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.7599999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.7599999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6316999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguard","display_name":"Safeguard","score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.3919000029563904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6316999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173064807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233190","display_name":"Position error","level":3,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.4831124544143677}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015351323","https://openalex.org/W2038946940","https://openalex.org/W2140638323","https://openalex.org/W2156668452","https://openalex.org/W2248469562","https://openalex.org/W2805752413","https://openalex.org/W4205298615","https://openalex.org/W4205973921","https://openalex.org/W4286306544","https://openalex.org/W4313203654","https://openalex.org/W4384284170","https://openalex.org/W4391936007","https://openalex.org/W4403052626","https://openalex.org/W4408324278"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"persistent":[1],"risk":[2],"in":[3],"many":[4],"underwater":[5,31],"localization":[6,28,48,64,132],"solutions":[7],"is":[8,52],"the":[9,20,38,72,101,108,119,140,143],"leakage":[10],"of":[11,40,44,77,142],"position":[12,23,93,120],"information,":[13],"since":[14],"anchor":[15,78,112],"positions":[16],"are":[17,98],"revealed":[18],"to":[19,54,91],"sensors":[21],"performing":[22],"estimation.":[24],"While":[25],"cryptography-based":[26],"secure":[27],"mechanisms":[29],"for":[30],"acoustic":[32],"sensor":[33],"networks":[34],"(UASNs)":[35],"can":[36],"protect":[37],"privacy":[39,45,60,82,127],"anchors,":[41],"varying":[42],"levels":[43,62,129],"preservation":[46,61,83,128],"impact":[47],"accuracy.":[49,65,133],"Therefore,":[50],"it":[51],"necessary":[53],"derive":[55,118],"a":[56],"quantitative":[57],"relationship":[58],"between":[59],"and":[63,111,135],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,117],"first":[70],"model":[71,96],"probability":[73],"density":[74],"function":[75,124],"(PDF)":[76],"decoding":[79,113],"errors":[80],"under":[81],"constraints":[84],"when":[85],"anchors":[86],"adopt":[87],"an":[88],"encrypted":[89],"system":[90],"safeguard":[92],"information.":[94],"The":[95],"parameters":[97],"optimized":[99],"using":[100],"expectation-maximization":[102],"(EM)":[103],"algorithm.":[104],"Next,":[105],"based":[106],"on":[107],"ranging":[109],"PDF":[110,115],"error":[114,121],"distribution,":[116],"bound":[122],"(PEB)":[123],"that":[125],"links":[126],"with":[130],"target":[131],"Simulation":[134],"field":[136],"experiment":[137],"results":[138],"validate":[139],"effectiveness":[141],"theoretical":[144],"model.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
