{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138903771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431781","title":"Energy-Efficient Precoding for Dense VCSEL-Based OWC Systems Under a Cooperative Broadcast Model","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Precoding for Dense VCSEL-Based OWC Systems Under a Cooperative Broadcast Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138903771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431781"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431781","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038006676","display_name":"Hossein Safi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-7780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160005","display_name":"Computer Science Laboratory of Lille","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Safi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090324801","display_name":"Asim Ihsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-7178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160005","display_name":"Computer Science Laboratory of Lille","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asim Ihsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036512526","display_name":"Hossien B. Eldeeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160005","display_name":"Computer Science Laboratory of Lille","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossien B. Eldeeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129868646","display_name":"Bastien B\u00e9chadergue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bastien B\u00e9chadergue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,Laboratoire d&#x2019;Ing&#x00E9;nierie des Syst&#x00E8;mes de Versailles,France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,Laboratoire d&#x2019;Ing&#x00E9;nierie des Syst&#x00E8;mes de Versailles,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083090661","display_name":"Iman Tavakkolnia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-1949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160005","display_name":"Computer Science Laboratory of Lille","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Tavakkolnia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129961902","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160005","display_name":"Computer Science Laboratory of Lille","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Department of Engineering,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038006676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6798359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1111","last_page":"1116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.8970999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.8970999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.8424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.4284999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.8424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6676999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom59602.2025.11431781","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4654867649078369,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W997417692","https://openalex.org/W1484844138","https://openalex.org/W1967956032","https://openalex.org/W1969648546","https://openalex.org/W1979351038","https://openalex.org/W2058477717","https://openalex.org/W2064288282","https://openalex.org/W2110596409","https://openalex.org/W2161890372","https://openalex.org/W2580066118","https://openalex.org/W2587494249","https://openalex.org/W2604605071","https://openalex.org/W2964249268","https://openalex.org/W2995030458","https://openalex.org/W2995339059","https://openalex.org/W3028742748","https://openalex.org/W3129462136","https://openalex.org/W3130406560","https://openalex.org/W3134161497","https://openalex.org/W3173242670","https://openalex.org/W3195529794","https://openalex.org/W3200905437","https://openalex.org/W3214655334","https://openalex.org/W4210911305","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4324342169","https://openalex.org/W4366484372","https://openalex.org/W4388873058","https://openalex.org/W4392153521","https://openalex.org/W4401508751","https://openalex.org/W4405022197","https://openalex.org/W4406387527","https://openalex.org/W4407692621","https://openalex.org/W4409149066","https://openalex.org/W4409991798","https://openalex.org/W7084058747"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"6G":[1],"and":[2,47,100,108],"beyond":[3],"aim":[4],"for":[5,58,133],"sustainable,":[6],"high-capacity":[7],"wireless":[8,11],"connectivity,":[9],"optical":[10,81],"communication":[12],"(OWC)":[13],"has":[14],"emerged":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,54,70],"compelling":[18],"solution.":[19],"Recent":[20],"advances":[21],"in":[22,61,122,127],"vertical-cavity":[23],"surface-emitting":[24],"laser":[25],"(VCSEL)":[26],"arrays":[27],"have":[28],"significantly":[29],"enhanced":[30],"OWC":[31,65,137],"performance,":[32],"enabling":[33],"high-speed,":[34],"low-power":[35],"data":[36],"transmission.":[37],"However,":[38],"dense":[39,136],"VCSEL":[40],"deployments":[41],"introduce":[42],"challenges":[43],"related":[44],"to":[45,74,95,105],"interference":[46],"energy":[48],"efficiency":[49],"(EE).":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"proposes":[53],"scalable":[55],"precoding":[56,77],"framework":[57],"EE":[59],"maximization":[60],"fully":[62],"cooperative":[63],"VCSEL-based":[64],"broadcast":[66],"systems.":[67],"We":[68],"formulate":[69],"non-convex":[71],"optimization":[72],"problem":[73],"design":[75],"the":[76,97,101,110],"matrix":[78],"under":[79],"practical":[80],"constraints":[82],"while":[83],"guaranteeing":[84],"minimum":[85],"user":[86],"rates.":[87],"To":[88],"solve":[89,109],"this,":[90],"we":[91],"apply":[92],"Dinkelbach\u2019s":[93],"method":[94],"handle":[96],"fractional":[98],"objective":[99],"inner":[102],"approximation":[103],"technique":[104],"iteratively":[106],"convexify":[107],"problem.":[111],"Simulation":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115],"our":[116],"approach":[117],"consistently":[118],"outperforms":[119],"regularized":[120],"zero-forcing":[121],"terms":[123],"of":[124],"EE,":[125],"particularly":[126],"large-scale":[128],"deployments,":[129],"demonstrating":[130],"its":[131],"potential":[132],"next-generation":[134],"sustainable":[135],"networks.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:54:20.808490","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
