{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392152573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437795","title":"Moving Target Defense based Secured Network Slicing System in the O-RAN Architecture","display_name":"Moving Target Defense based Secured Network Slicing System in the O-RAN Architecture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392152573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/10024/48096/1/nbnfioulu-202402292051.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029282008","display_name":"Mojdeh Karbalaee Motalleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-4353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojdeh Karbalaee Motalleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","School of ECE, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076377250","display_name":"Chafika Benza\u00efd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-2014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chafika Benzaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087043869","display_name":"Tarik Taleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-1239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarik Taleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051253327","display_name":"Vahid Shah\u2010Mansouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4810-491X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Shah-Mansouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","School of ECE, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6358","last_page":"6363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.9100784063339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7125981450080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.6977118849754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.578795313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.46770331263542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4015195965766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.38956740498542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36822977662086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1484241783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.11349013447761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.08629640936851501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.9100784063339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7125981450080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.6977118849754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.578795313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.46770331263542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4015195965766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.38956740498542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36822977662086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1484241783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.11349013447761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.08629640936851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:10863879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:NBN:fi:oulu-202402292051","pdf_url":"https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/10024/48096/1/nbnfioulu-202402292051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023, 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 04-08 December 2023","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:10863879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:NBN:fi:oulu-202402292051","pdf_url":"https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/10024/48096/1/nbnfioulu-202402292051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023, 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 04-08 December 2023","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2317614305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101096328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2589034002","display_name":"6G Bridge \u2014 Oulun Yliopisto (8410/31/2022)","funder_award_id":"8410/31/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G41775389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON-JU-SNS-2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4607160898","display_name":"secuRe desIGn and deplOyment of trUsthwoRthy cOntinUum computing 6G Services","funder_award_id":"101095933","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5970690993","display_name":"Supporting Architectural and technological Network evolutions through an intelligent, secureD and twinning enaBled Open eXperimentation facility","funder_award_id":"101096328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392152573.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914808443","https://openalex.org/W2963299894","https://openalex.org/W2986492202","https://openalex.org/W3006006160","https://openalex.org/W3006614673","https://openalex.org/W3083614422","https://openalex.org/W3163231210","https://openalex.org/W3190255965","https://openalex.org/W3214763251","https://openalex.org/W4225769966","https://openalex.org/W4226024264","https://openalex.org/W4287888488","https://openalex.org/W4288027982","https://openalex.org/W4295832472","https://openalex.org/W4315629987","https://openalex.org/W4386375088","https://openalex.org/W6759527892","https://openalex.org/W6797338213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W3018338683","https://openalex.org/W2922954044","https://openalex.org/W4315630224","https://openalex.org/W3197340217","https://openalex.org/W2618068568","https://openalex.org/W4294306393","https://openalex.org/W4381187802","https://openalex.org/W4311923021","https://openalex.org/W2692554635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"open":[1],"radio":[2],"access":[3],"network":[4],"(O-RAN)":[5],"architecture's":[6],"native":[7],"virtualization":[8],"and":[9,15,33,71,100,117,170],"embedded":[10],"intelligence":[11,31],"facilitate":[12],"RAN":[13],"slicing":[14],"enable":[16],"comprehensive":[17],"end-to-end":[18],"services":[19],"in":[20,74],"post-5G":[21],"networks.":[22],"However,":[23],"any":[24],"vulnerabilities":[25],"could":[26],"harm":[27],"security.":[28],"Therefore,":[29],"artificial":[30],"(AI)":[32],"machine":[34],"learning":[35],"(ML)":[36],"security":[37],"threats":[38],"can":[39],"even":[40],"threaten":[41],"O-RAN":[42,76],"benefits.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"a":[47,96,106,124,136],"novel":[48],"approach":[49,163],"to":[50,142,149],"estimating":[51],"the":[52,75,90,101,129,150,157,172,177,180],"optimal":[53],"number":[54,92],"of":[55,93,179],"predefined":[56,91],"VNFs":[57,94],"for":[58,66,88,111,120,132],"each":[59],"slice":[60],"while":[61],"addressing":[62],"secure":[63,128],"AI/ML":[64],"methods":[65,87],"dynamic":[67,113],"service":[68,114,160],"admission":[69,115,161,166],"control":[70,116,162],"power":[72,118],"minimization":[73,119],"architecture.":[77],"We":[78],"solve":[79],"this":[80],"problem":[81],"on":[82,95,123],"two-time":[83],"scales":[84],"using":[85],"mathematical":[86],"determining":[89],"large":[97],"time":[98],"scale":[99],"proximal":[102],"policy":[103],"optimization":[104],"(PPO),":[105],"Deep":[107],"Reinforcement":[108],"Learning":[109],"algorithm,":[110],"solving":[112],"different":[121],"slices":[122],"small-time":[125],"scale.":[126],"To":[127],"ML":[130],"system":[131],"O-RAN,":[133],"we":[134],"implement":[135],"moving":[137],"target":[138],"defense":[139],"(MTD)":[140],"strategy":[141,174],"prevent":[143],"poisoning":[144],"attacks":[145],"by":[146],"adding":[147],"uncertainty":[148],"system.":[151],"Our":[152],"experimental":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155],"that":[156,171],"proposed":[158],"PPO-based":[159],"achieves":[164],"an":[165],"rate":[167],"above":[168],"80%":[169],"MTD":[173],"effectively":[175],"strengthens":[176],"robustness":[178],"PPO":[181],"method":[182],"against":[183],"adversarial":[184],"attacks.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2024-02-27T00:00:00"}
