{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392175411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437669","title":"Firm VEA: Vulnerability Discovery Optimisation for IoT Firmware via Version Evolution Analysis","display_name":"Firm VEA: Vulnerability Discovery Optimisation for IoT Firmware via Version Evolution Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392175411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715460","display_name":"Bo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101693155","display_name":"Ying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6335-4030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032868307","display_name":"Yongyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3139-306X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636286","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,Changsha,Hunan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101715460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68619718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5019","last_page":"5024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.9118696451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6754525303840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6633521318435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5856596827507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcode","display_name":"Microcode","score":0.5279454588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5256691575050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3858575224876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13611698150634766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.9118696451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6754525303840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6633521318435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5856596827507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22174128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175869","display_name":"Microcode","level":2,"score":0.5279454588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5256691575050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3858575224876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13611698150634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8945236681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546956568","https://openalex.org/W2027563823","https://openalex.org/W2612022585","https://openalex.org/W2727695697","https://openalex.org/W2791018263","https://openalex.org/W2806869036","https://openalex.org/W2888698761","https://openalex.org/W3130237582","https://openalex.org/W4285490487","https://openalex.org/W6631155369","https://openalex.org/W6731708087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966431236","https://openalex.org/W608147619","https://openalex.org/W1984676852","https://openalex.org/W2068967940","https://openalex.org/W270731569","https://openalex.org/W4252104358","https://openalex.org/W2062160093","https://openalex.org/W2025981307","https://openalex.org/W1998626163","https://openalex.org/W2056006243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,46,73,77,96,183,206],"development":[2],"and":[3,65,90,102,112,124,167,173,190,197],"widespread":[4],"application":[5],"of":[6,11,48,79,98,100,214],"IoT":[7,16,25,34,221],"technology,":[8],"impact":[10],"N":[12],"-day":[13],"vulnerabilities":[14,27,49,115,132,191],"on":[15,199],"firmware":[17,26,40,80,145,148,195,222],"has":[18],"become":[19],"increasingly":[20,30],"serious.":[21],"Detection":[22],"technology":[23],"for":[24,39,108,219],"plays":[28],"an":[29],"important":[31],"role":[32],"in":[33,55,95,193],"security.":[35],"However,":[36],"existing":[37],"approaches":[38],"vulnerability":[41,224],"detection":[42],"did":[43,70],"not":[44,71,84],"consider":[45,72],"issue":[47],"between":[50,185],"components,":[51,93,187],"which":[52,82,128,157],"are":[53,116],"introduced":[54],"a":[56],"supply":[57],"chain's":[58],"business":[59],"process,":[60],"such":[61,161,170],"as":[62,151,162,171],"library":[63],"reuse":[64],"collaboration":[66],"development.":[67],"Meanwhile,":[68],"they":[69],"component":[74,114,131],"changes":[75],"across":[76],"evolution":[78,111,135],"versions,":[81,196],"is":[83,198],"conducive":[85],"to":[86],"analysts":[87],"timely":[88],"patching":[89],"managing":[91],"vulnerable":[92],"resulting":[94],"duplication":[97],"analysis":[99],"components":[101,149,189],"inefficient":[103],"analysis.":[104,136,225],"Thus,":[105],"feasible":[106],"methods":[107],"analysing":[109],"version":[110,134],"discovering":[113],"urgently":[117],"needed.":[118],"In":[119],"this":[120],"paper,":[121],"we":[122,141],"design":[123],"implement":[125],"Firm":[126],"VEA,":[127],"discovers":[129],"lOT":[130],"via":[133],"To":[137],"evaluate":[138],"our":[139],"approach,":[140],"collect":[142],"10161":[143],"real-world":[144],"with":[146],"1053":[147],"(shortened":[150],"FC)":[152],"from":[153],"11":[154],"different":[155],"vendors,":[156],"cover":[158],"various":[159,168],"architectures":[160],"MIPS,":[163],"ARM,":[164],"X86,":[165],"PowerPC,":[166],"OSs":[169],"Linux,":[172],"FreeBSD":[174],"(32/64-bit).":[175],"The":[176],"experiments":[177],"show":[178],"that":[179],"FirmVEA":[180],"can":[181],"analyze":[182],"relationship":[184],"complex":[186],"expose":[188],"change":[192],"adjacent":[194],"average":[200],"10":[201],"times":[202],"more":[203],"efficient":[204],"than":[205],"state-of-the-art":[207],"tool":[208],"FACT":[209],"while":[210],"ensuring":[211],"no":[212],"loss":[213],"accuracy,":[215],"making":[216],"it":[217],"suitable":[218],"large-scale":[220],"N-day":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}