{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392159281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437648","title":"Soft Actor-Critic-Based Multi-TTI Precoding for Multi-Modal RTBC Over MIMO Systems","display_name":"Soft Actor-Critic-Based Multi-TTI Precoding for Multi-Modal RTBC Over MIMO Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392159281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112853457","display_name":"Yingzhi Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingzhi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050196386","display_name":"Kaiyi Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-6323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyi Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379374","display_name":"Qianqian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066878475","display_name":"Zhaohui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-589X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751311","display_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Info. Proc., Commun. & Netw. (IPCAN), Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112853457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49040268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4241","last_page":"4246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.8449280261993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6591611504554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6233177781105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.6126191020011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3741440176963806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2231595814228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18099403381347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.09485027194023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07436606287956238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.8449280261993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6591611504554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6233177781105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.6126191020011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3741440176963806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2231595814228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18099403381347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.09485027194023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07436606287956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4476415312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TC220H07E","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6610172906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7090139916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1807101,2018YFB1801104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W2973229164","https://openalex.org/W3013689226","https://openalex.org/W4285032469","https://openalex.org/W4317794926","https://openalex.org/W4378549062","https://openalex.org/W4400188118","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6748839928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W4366493479","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W2546963302","https://openalex.org/W4381162408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"5.5th":[1],"Generation":[2],"is":[3],"envisioned":[4],"to":[5,15,33,125,153],"support":[6],"the":[7,17,35,44,48,58,81,87,94,103,136,154],"Real-time":[8],"Broadband":[9],"Communication":[10,24],"(RTBC)":[11],"scenarios,":[12],"which":[13,144],"needs":[14],"satisfy":[16],"enhanced":[18],"Mobile":[19],"Broadband(eMBB)":[20],"and":[21,107,119,138],"Ultra-Reliable":[22],"Low-Latency":[23],"(uRLLC)":[25],"services":[26],"requirements":[27],"simultaneously.":[28],"As":[29],"an":[30],"essential":[31],"technique":[32],"improve":[34],"capacity":[36,151],"of":[37,46,90,111,128,140],"systems,":[38],"pre":[39],"coding":[40],"in":[41,93,149],"RTBC":[42],"faces":[43],"challenge":[45],"finding":[47],"optimal":[49],"solution":[50],"over":[51],"long-term":[52],"transmission":[53,72],"with":[54],"multimodal":[55,105],"streams":[56],"for":[57],"system.":[59],"To":[60],"meet":[61],"these":[62],"requirements,":[63],"we":[64,115],"propose":[65],"a":[66,117],"soft":[67],"actor-critic":[68],"(SAC)":[69],"based":[70],"multiple":[71],"time":[73],"interval":[74],"(TTl)":[75],"intelligent":[76],"precoding":[77,83,142],"algorithm":[78],"that":[79],"optimizes":[80],"multi-user":[82],"scheme":[84],"by":[85],"learning":[86,122],"priority":[88],"weight":[89],"each":[91],"user":[92],"iterative":[95],"weighted":[96,155],"minimum":[97],"mean-square":[98],"error":[99],"(MMSE)":[100],"algorithm.":[101,157],"Considering":[102],"remaining":[104],"data":[106],"dynamic":[108],"activation":[109],"state":[110],"real-time":[112],"interaction":[113],"users,":[114],"design":[116],"novel":[118],"lightweight":[120],"reinforcement":[121],"architecture":[123],"scalable":[124],"different":[126],"numbers":[127],"potential":[129],"or":[130],"active":[131],"users.":[132],"Simulation":[133],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"robustness":[137],"superiority":[139],"our":[141],"algorithm,":[143],"achieves":[145],"50%":[146],"performance":[147],"improvement":[148],"system":[150],"compared":[152],"MMSE":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
