{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392152425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437586","title":"Testing of Hybrid Quantum-Classical K-Means for Nonlinear Noise Mitigation","display_name":"Testing of Hybrid Quantum-Classical K-Means for Nonlinear Noise Mitigation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392152425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070460734","display_name":"Ark Modi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ark Modi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT), Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany,D-80333"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT), Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany,D-80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050410439","display_name":"Alonso Viladomat Jasso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alonso Viladomat Jasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Emmy Noether Group for Theoretical Quantum Systems Design,Munich,Germany,D-80333"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Emmy Noether Group for Theoretical Quantum Systems Design,Munich,Germany,D-80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056305832","display_name":"Roberto Ferrara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-3286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT), Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany,D-80333"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT), Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany,D-80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041594348","display_name":"Christian Deppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2265-4887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Deppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT), Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany,D-80333"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering (LNT), Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany,D-80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081460736","display_name":"Janis N\u00f6tzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0091-3072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janis N\u00f6tzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Emmy Noether Group for Theoretical Quantum Systems Design,Munich,Germany,D-80333"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Emmy Noether Group for Theoretical Quantum Systems Design,Munich,Germany,D-80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037989453","display_name":"Fred Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-4995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129353","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/038cdme44","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies D&#x00FC;sseldorf GmbH,Optical and Quantum Laboratory,Munich,Germany,80992"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies D&#x00FC;sseldorf GmbH,Optical and Quantum Laboratory,Munich,Germany,80992","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032731382","display_name":"Maximilian Sch\u00e4dler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129353","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/038cdme44","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Sch\u00e4dler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies D&#x00FC;sseldorf GmbH,Optical and Quantum Laboratory,Munich,Germany,80992"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies D&#x00FC;sseldorf GmbH,Optical and Quantum Laboratory,Munich,Germany,80992","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070460734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80211814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3179","last_page":"3184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5946827530860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5603196024894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5092915296554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4869478940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-noise","display_name":"Quantum noise","score":0.46147510409355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3262683153152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3249366581439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2391374111175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.157577246427536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5946827530860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5603196024894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5092915296554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4869478940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111996192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269075","display_name":"Quantum noise","level":3,"score":0.46147510409355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3262683153152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3249366581439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2391374111175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.157577246427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1765778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1765778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199424061","https://openalex.org/W1800240078","https://openalex.org/W2006596905","https://openalex.org/W2015811642","https://openalex.org/W2101555999","https://openalex.org/W2739664645","https://openalex.org/W2766441441","https://openalex.org/W2795600567","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2905260087","https://openalex.org/W2954275533","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3024243470","https://openalex.org/W3037687232","https://openalex.org/W3090365491","https://openalex.org/W3105598190","https://openalex.org/W3182433019","https://openalex.org/W3192002582","https://openalex.org/W3207479555","https://openalex.org/W4226494516","https://openalex.org/W6648047450","https://openalex.org/W6650093196","https://openalex.org/W6703106485","https://openalex.org/W6855626657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154204858","https://openalex.org/W3209622820","https://openalex.org/W2382250648","https://openalex.org/W2367363545","https://openalex.org/W2586383879","https://openalex.org/W2067895158","https://openalex.org/W4379507409","https://openalex.org/W2066331732","https://openalex.org/W2561874146","https://openalex.org/W2185957229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nearest-neighbour":[0],"clustering":[1,81],"is":[2,135,165,182,200],"a":[3,37,60,93,168],"powerful":[4],"set":[5],"of":[6,16,40,52,59,64,85,88,107,156,160,179],"heuristic":[7],"algorithms":[8,206],"that":[9,43],"find":[10],"natural":[11],"application":[12],"in":[13,96,137,151,176],"the":[14,20,41,50,57,75,78,89,97,103,118,127,154,157,161,172,177,201,205],"decoding":[15],"signals":[17],"transmitted":[18],"using":[19,139],"<tex":[21,28],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[22,29],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$M$</tex>":[23,30],"-Quadrature":[24],"Amplitude":[25],"Modulation":[26],"(":[27],"-QAM)":[31],"protocol.":[32],"Lloyd":[33],"et":[34],"al.":[35],"proposed":[36],"quantum":[38,86,109],"version":[39],"algorithm":[42,54,134],"promised":[44],"an":[45,186],"exponential":[46],"speedup.":[47],"We":[48,72,184],"analyse":[49],"performance":[51],"this":[53,114],"by":[55],"simulating":[56],"use":[58,117],"hybrid":[61,104],"quantum-classical":[62,105],"implementation":[63,76,106],"it":[65,100],"upon":[66,203],"16-QAM":[67],"and":[68,126,141,145,167,213],"experimental":[69,147,187],"64-QAM":[70,197],"data.":[71,148,198],"then":[73],"benchmark":[74],"against":[77],"classical":[79,90],"k-means":[80],"algorithm.":[82,112],"The":[83,133,149],"choice":[84],"encoding":[87],"data":[91,124],"plays":[92],"significant":[94],"role":[95],"performance,":[98],"as":[99,191],"would":[101],"for":[102,123,130,216],"any":[108],"machine":[110],"learning":[111],"In":[113],"work,":[115],"we":[116,195],"popular":[119],"angle":[120,162,173],"embedding":[121,125,163,174],"method":[122,164,175],"swap":[128],"test":[129],"overlap":[131],"estimation.":[132],"emulated":[136],"software":[138],"Qiskit":[140],"tested":[142],"on":[143],"simulated":[144],"real-world":[146],"discrepancy":[150],"accuracy":[152],"from":[153,193],"perspective":[155],"induced":[158],"metric":[159],"discussed,":[166],"thorough":[169],"analysis":[170],"regarding":[171],"context":[178],"distance":[180],"estimation":[181],"provided.":[183],"detail":[185],"optic":[188],"fibre":[189],"setup":[190],"well,":[192],"which":[194,204],"collect":[196],"This":[199],"dataset":[202],"are":[207,219],"benchmarked.":[208],"Finally,":[209],"some":[210],"promising":[211],"current":[212],"future":[214],"directions":[215],"further":[217],"research":[218],"discussed.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}